Physics of Particles Matter and the Universe - Blin-Stoyle.pdf

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Eureka.Physics.of.Particles.Matter.and.the.Universe.eBook-EEn
EUREKA!
Physics of Particles,
Matter and the Universe
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Physics of Particles,
Matter and the Universe
Roger J Blin-Stoyle, FRS
Emeritus Professor of Physics
University of Sussex
Institute of Physics Publishing
Bristol and Philadelphia
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0 IOPPublishing Ltd 1997
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the publisher. Multiple copying is permitted in
accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing
Agency under the terms of its agreement with the Committee of
Vice-Chancellors and Principals.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0 7503 0415 4 (hbk)
ISBN 0 7503 0416 2 (pbk)
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Blin-Stoyle, R. J. (Roger John)
Eureka! : physics of particles, matter and the universe / Roger
Blin-Stoyle
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-7503-0415-4 (hc : alk. paper).-ISBN 0-7503-0416-2 (pbk.
: alk. paper)
1. Physics. I. Title.
QC21.2.B567 1997
5304~21
97- 19999
CIP
Consultant Editor: Frank Close, FRS
Published by Institute of Physics Publishing,whollyowned by
The Institute of Physics, London
Institute of Physics Publishing, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol
BS16BE. UK
US Editorial Office: Institute of Physics Publishing, The Public Ledger
Building, Suite 1035, 150 South IndependenceMall West, Philadelphia,
PA 19106, USA
Typeset by Mackreth Media Services, Hemel Hempstead,Herts
Printed in the UK by J W Arrowsmith Ltd, Bristol
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To Helena and Anthony
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Preface
xi
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Understanding the World Around Us
What is Physics?
The Nature of Understanding
The Problem of Complexity
Conceptual Models in Physical Theory
Human Experience of the Physical World
Moving Forward
1
1
2
4
7
8
10
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Everyday Experience of Motion and Energy
Motion and Forces
Force, Mass and Acceleration
Momentum and Angular Momentum
Work and Energy
Oscillating Systems
Wave Motion
Moving Forward
11
11
13
16
19
22
25
30
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
The Nature and Behaviour of Matter
Atoms and Molecules
The Particulate Nature of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Internal Energy, Heat and Temperature
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Solids and their Behaviour
Liquids and their Behaviour
Gases and their Behaviour
Moving Forward
31
31
34
36
39
41
44
46
47
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Everyday Experience of Electromagnetism
Electric and Magnetic Forces
Electric Potential and Electric Current
Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction
48
48
50
53
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