Borland Delphi 7 Developer's Guide.pdf

Developer’s Guide

Borland ®

Delphi ™ 7

for Windows ™

Borland Software Corporation

100 Enterprise Way, Scotts Valley, CA 95066-3249

www.borland.com

Refer to the DEPLOY document located in the root directory of your Delphi 7 product for a complete list of files that

you can distribute in accordance with the Delphi 7 License Statement and Limited Warranty.

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document. Please refer to the product CD or the About dialog box for the list of applicable patents. The furnishing of

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Printed in the U.S.A.

HDE1370WW21001 7E5R0802

0203040506-9 8 7654321

Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction 1-1

What’s in this manual? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Manual conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Developer support services . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Using object variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Creating, instantiating, and destroying

objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Components and ownership . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Defining new classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Using interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Using interfaces across the hierarchy . . . . 4-13

Using interfaces with procedures . . . . . . 4-14

Implementing IInterface . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

TInterfacedObject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

Using the as operator with interfaces . . . . 4-16

Reusing code and delegation. . . . . . . . . 4-16

Using implements for delegation . . . . 4-17

Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

Memory management of interface

objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

Using reference counting . . . . . . . . 4-19

Not using reference counting . . . . . . 4-20

Using interfaces in distributed

applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

Part I

Programming with Delphi

Chapter 2

Developing applications with Delphi 2-1

Integrated development environment . . . . . . 2-1

Designing applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Creating projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Editing code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Compiling applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Debugging applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Deploying applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Chapter 3

Using the component library 3-1

Understanding the component library . . . . . 3-1

Properties, methods, and events . . . . . . . 3-3

Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

User events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

System events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Internal events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Objects, components, and controls . . . . . . . . 3-5

TObject branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

TPersistent branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

TComponent branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

TControl branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

TWinControl/TWidgetControl branch . . . 3-10

Chapter 5

Using BaseCLX 5-1

Using streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Using streams to read or write data . . . . . 5-2

Stream methods for reading

and writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Reading and writing components . . . 5-3

Reading and writing strings . . . . . . . 5-3

Copying data from one stream

to another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Specifying the stream position and size. . . 5-4

Seeking to a specific position . . . . . . 5-4

Using Position and Size properties . . . 5-5

Working with files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Approaches to file I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Using file streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Creating and opening files using

file streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Using the file handle . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Manipulating files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Deleting a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Finding a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Renaming a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

File date-time routines . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Copying a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Chapter 4

Using the object model 4-1

What is an object? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Examining a Delphi object . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Changing the name of a component . . . . . 4-4

Inheriting data and code from an object. . . . . 4-5

Scope and qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Private, protected, public, and published

declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

iii

Working with ini files and the system

Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Using TIniFile and TMemIniFile . . . . 5-12

Using TRegistryIniFile . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Using TRegistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Working with lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14

Common list operations . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Adding list items . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Deleting list items . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Accessing list items . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

Rearranging list items . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

Persistent lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

Working with string lists . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

Loading and saving string lists . . . . . . . 5-17

Creating a new string list . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

Short-term string lists . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

Long-term string lists . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

Manipulating strings in a list . . . . . . . . 5-20

Counting the strings in a list . . . . . . 5-20

Accessing a particular string . . . . . . 5-20

Locating items in a string list . . . . . . 5-20

Iterating through strings in a list . . . . 5-20

Adding a string to a list . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Moving a string within a list . . . . . . 5-21

Deleting a string from a list . . . . . . . 5-21

Associating objects with a

string list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

Working with strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

Wide character routines . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

Commonly used long string routines . . . 5-23

Commonly used routines for

null-terminated strings. . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Declaring and initializing strings . . . . . . 5-27

Mixing and converting string types . . . . 5-28

String to PChar conversions. . . . . . . . . 5-28

String dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

Returning a PChar local variable . . . 5-29

Passing a local variable as

a PChar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

Compiler directives for strings . . . . . . . 5-30

Creating drawing spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31

Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32

Converting measurements . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33

Performing conversions . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33

Performing simple conversions . . . . 5-33

Performing complex conversions . . . 5-33

Adding new measurement types . . . . . . 5-34

Creating a simple conversion family

and adding units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34

Declare variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35

Use the new units . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35

Using a conversion function . . . . . . . . . 5-36

Declare variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36

Write methods to convert to and

from the base unit . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36

Use the new units . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

Using a class to manage conversions . . . . 5-37

Creating the conversion class . . . . . . 5-38

Declare variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39

the other units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39

Use the new units . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40

Defining custom variants . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40

Storing a custom variant type’s data . . . . 5-41

Creating a class to enable the

custom variant type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42

Enabling casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42

Implementing binary operations . . . . 5-44

Implementing comparison

operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46

Implementing unary operations . . . . 5-47

Copying and clearing custom variants . . . 5-48

Loading and saving custom

variant values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49

Using the TCustomVariantType

descendant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50

Writing utilities to work with a

custom variant type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50

Supporting properties and methods

in custom variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51

Using TInvokeableVariantType . . . . . 5-51

Using TPublishableVariantType . . . . 5-53

Chapter 6

Working with components 6-1

Setting component properties . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Setting properties at design time . . . . . . 6-2

Using property editors . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Setting properties at runtime. . . . . . . . . 6-3

Calling methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Working with events and event handlers . . . . 6-3

Generating a new event handler . . . . . . . 6-4

Generating a handler for a

component’s default event . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Locating event handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Associating an event with an existing

event handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Using the Sender parameter . . . . . . . 6-5

Displaying and coding shared

events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Associating menu events with

event handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Deleting event handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Cross-platform and non-cross-platform

components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Adding custom components to the

Component palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Adding graphics to controls . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Indicating that a control is

owner-drawn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Adding graphical objects to

a string list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Adding images to an application . . . . 7-14

Adding images to a string list . . . . . . 7-14

Drawing owner-drawn items . . . . . . 7-15

Sizing owner-draw items . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

Drawing owner-draw items . . . . . . . . . 7-17

Chapter 8

Building applications, components,

and libraries 8-1

Creating applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

GUI applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

User interface models . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

SDI applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

MDI applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Setting IDE, project, and compiler

options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Programming templates . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Console applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Service applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

Service threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

Service name properties . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Debugging service applications . . . . . 8-10

Creating packages and DLLs . . . . . . . . . . 8-11

When to use packages and DLLs . . . . . . 8-11

Writing database applications . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

Distributing database applications . . . . . 8-13

Creating Web server applications . . . . . . . . 8-13

Creating Web Broker applications . . . . . . 8-14

Creating WebSnap applications . . . . . . . 8-15

Creating Web Services applications . . . . . 8-15

Writing applications using COM . . . . . . . . 8-16

Using COM and DCOM . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

Using MTS and COM+ . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

Using data modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17

Creating and editing standard data

modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17

Naming a data module and

its unit file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18

Placing and naming components . . . . 8-19

Using component properties and

events in a data module . . . . . . . . 8-19

Creating business rules in a

data module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20

Chapter 7

Working with controls 7-1

Implementing drag and drop in controls . . . . 7-1

Starting a drag operation . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Accepting dragged items . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Dropping items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Ending a drag operation . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Customizing drag and drop with

a drag object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Changing the drag mouse pointer . . . . . . 7-4

Implementing drag and dock in controls . . . . 7-4

Making a windowed control a

docking site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Making a control a dockable child . . . . . . 7-5

Controlling how child controls

are docked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Controlling how child controls

are undocked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Controlling how child controls respond

to drag-and-dock operations . . . . . . . . 7-6

Working with text in controls. . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Setting text alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Adding scroll bars at runtime . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Adding the clipboard object. . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Selecting text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Selecting all text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Cutting, copying, and pasting text . . . . . 7-10

Deleting selected text . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Disabling menu items . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

Providing a pop-up menu . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

Handling the OnPopup event. . . . . . . . 7-12

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