AN ENGLISH-SPEAKER'S POLISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY WITH AN ENGLISH-POLISH INDEX.pdf

AN ENGLISH-SPEAKER'S

POLISH-ENGLISH

DICTIONARY

WITH AN ENGLISH-POLISH

INDEX

Oscar E. Swan

WEB- OR CD-BASED VERSION

FOR A HARD (PRINTED) OR CD COPY OF THIS DICTIONARY,

CONTACT:

LEKTOREK LANGUAGE MATERIALS

6649 WOODWELL STREET

PITTSBURGH, PA 15217

INTRODUCTION TO THE CD/WEBSITE VERSION

The dictionary version you are now reading is a web- or CD-based

Polish-English dictionary in .pdf format which is item-searchable. The

Polish-English dictionary is followed by an English-Polish index of words

used in the definitions of Polish words.

When searching for a Polish word, first go to the letter under

Bookmarks, then, within the letter, search for the specific item. Search for

an item either by using the scroll bar or the .pdf find-function, obtained by

clicking the Binocular icon. To search for an English item, you may use the

.pdf find-function. When searching in English, search for all matches

through to the end, to determine the best fit. For example, searching under

smoke will give such matches as dym smoke (noun) , dymić się smoke (verb) ,

palić smoke tobacco, wędzić smoke meat, and others.

You may also search for Polish words with the Binocular icon.

Macintosh (possibly not Windows) machines allow for searches including

Polish letters. Polish letters with diacritics are obtained by pressing the

Option key plus the letter. For example, ę is at Option- e . Dotted ż is located

at Option- x . When searching for a match in Polish, only enter as much of a

left-hand match as is likely to identify the word. For example k∏usuje it trots

is a form of k∏usować trot . The left-hand match k∏us will locate both k∏us trot

and k∏usować to trot.

INTRODUCTION

A Learner's Polish-English Dictionary is intended primarily for the

English-speaking reader of Polish interested in arriving at the central and

commonest meanings of a word. Designed to overcome the shortcomings,

for learners of Polish, of Polish-English dictionaries written by and intended

for native-speaking Poles, this work was first published and used in classes

over the internet. Its success in that form led to its publication in its present,

hard-copy form. This dictionary contains over 30,000 entries. It does not

attempt complete coverage of archaic words; technical or scientific terms

outside the range of common usage; names of uncommon plants and

animals; most geographic designations; the latest in international

borrowings. Most terms related to the social sciences and the humanities

are included. A conservative approach has been applied to the inclusion of

recent transparent borrowings from American popular culture, technology,

and business, although some are included. The technical apparatus is kept

to a minimum and should be mostly self-evident to the English-speaking

learner. The user is expected to be familiar with the principles of Polish

inflection, hence regular and predictable endings and formations are not

given. For a detailed description of Polish grammar, the user is referred to

the author's Grammar of Contemporary Polish (Slavica: 2002). An English-

Polish version of this dictionary is underway.

PRINCIPLES OF CITATION

Every effort has been made to make the technical apparatus transparent

and unobtrusive, while remianing grammatically informative. Within a

word-entry, the derivationally basic form of a word is given first. Derived

forms considered to belong to the same lexical item are given next,

regardless of alphabetical order. If a form is radically different in

alphabetical order from the base word, it will be listed separately and given

a cross-reference. Regularly derivable forms are not listed separately unless

a regularly predictable form is nevertheless apt to cause confusion. For

example, the locative singular of ocet , occie , is listed, with a reference to

ocet , because, even though the form is regular, its visual appearance makes

the word difficult to decipher.

A tilda is used to represent the head-word in phrasal illustrations, as in

kamieƒ mi -a stone, rock, flint, gem. szlachetny ~ gem-stone

If the head-word is illustrated in a different gender or case-form, then the

right-hand part of the word will be taken back to a letter held in common,

as in

bia∏y aj white. do ~∏ego rana till the break of day

VERBS

Verb conjugation is indicated by giving the 1st and 2nd person sg. forms

of the the present, along with any other irregular present or past forms. The

conjugation of prefixed mono-syllabic verbs is sometimes indicated by

referring to the simplex verb. For example, the following entry indicates

that donieść is conjugated like nieść :

donieść ^nieść pf, impf donosić -szę -sisz o+L inform or report on

If a verb occurs only or mainly in the 3rd person, only the 3rd person

singular (neuter) will be given. See, for example,

b∏yskać -a us 3p impf, pf b∏ysnąć -śnie b∏ys∏o shine, flash, twinkle.

Aspect pairs are given in the order basic: derived, regardless of

alphabetical considerations. If this decision causes an alphabetization

problem, then the derived aspect form is listed separately, with a cross

reference. See, for example

irytować -tuję -tujesz impf, pf zirytować irritate

with the derived perfective zirytować also having its own listing, with

reference to irytować . In general, common prefixed perfective forms of a

simplex imperfective verb will be listed twice, both with the base verb and

as a cross-reference. In the listing

narazić ^razić pf, impf narażać endanger. na+A expose to

the basic perfective form is given first, followed by the derived imperfective.

Here no separate listing for narażać is needed, since no other words fall

between it and the head word narazić.

Aspect pairs in -ać -ąć are usually listed in this order; see

bąkać -am -asz impf, pf bąknąć -nę -niesz , mumble, blurt out.

However, if the root of the form in -ać is altered by overt derivational

processes, the verb will be given under the form in -nąć , as in

wytknąć -nę -niesz pf, impf wytykać +D reproach

with wytykać also given in a cross-reference. As this entry shows, derived

imperfectives in -ać are assumed to belong to the - am -asz type unless

otherwise indicated.

NOUNS

Possible second forms of a noun, often abbreviated, are used to indicate

mobile vowels or vowel alternations in stems. The second form will be

either genitive singular (for masculine nouns or feminine nouns ending in a

consonant, or genitive plural (for feminine nouns in -a and neuter nouns).

See

b∏ąd b∏ędu mi error, mistake

szk∏o szkie∏ n glass

pole pól n field

świstek -tka mi scrap of paper.

Nouns listed as mi 'masculine inanimate' are assumed to have genitive

singular in -u unless noted otherwise. See

przegląd mi review, survey

stolik mi -a small table, night table, end table.

Nouns listed as ma 'masculine animate' are assumed to have genitive-

accusative singular in -a . See

aporter ma retriever (dog)

krew krwi f blood

stó∏ sto∏u mi table

Nouns described as m fac an 'masculine, facultatively animate' ordinarily

take genitive-accusative singular in -a :

papieros m fac an cigarette.

Nouns listed as mp pej 'masculine personal, pejorative' typically do not

soften the stem consonant in the nominative plural, as

świntuch mp pej scoundrel, swine.

Feminine personal nouns with a derivationally primary male variant are not

usually separately glossed; see

radios∏uchaczka -czek fem of radios∏uchacz

with its reference to

radios∏uchacz mp radio listener

Plural-only nouns are indicated as such with the tag pl form:

igrzyska pl form G igrzysk games. ~ olimpijskie Olympic Games.

Singular-only nouns are not specifically marked unless practice would be

different in one language and the other:

refleks mi us-sg reflex(es).

Ambiguous English glosses are resolved either by giving a second gloss or

by a parenthical remark:

szermierz mp fencer, swordsman

rozciąg∏y aj wide open (space)

nacios mi blaze (on tree)

The marker colloq covers a wide range of usage, ranging from mainly

spoken to slang. Similarly, vulg covers a wide range, from crude to highly

offensive. A non-native speaker should always err on the side of caution in

using words of either sort.

ADJECTIVES

Adverbial and comparative forms of adjectives are listed under the

heading of the adjective, regardless of alphabetical considerations. For

example, under szeroki , one will find the comparative adjective szerszy and

the comparative adverb szerzej . These two forms are also listed separately,

with reference to szeroki . See

szeroki aj wide, broad. av szeroko . comp aj szerszy . comp av szerzej

Regularly predictable adverbial forms are not given unless the adverb is

glossed separately. For example, the listing

kusy aj cropped, bob-tailed. av kuso

gives kuso , since its formation is not necessarily obvious. By contrast, the

listing for koszmarny does not give the adverb koszmarnie , since its

formation is regular, and the adverb has no established special senses:

koszmarny aj of koszmar. horrible, dreadful, nightmarish

The listing for zasadny gives the regularly derived adverb zasadnie , because

it is frequent and requires a separate gloss:

zasadny aj principled. av zasadnie in a principled way

If an adjective has an existence and meaning mainly dependent on a

noun, only the noun to which it is related will be given, as in

porcelanowy aj of porcelana

HOW THIS DICTIONARY WAS WRITTEN

The present work more or less wrote itself over the course of a number

of years, as vocabulary lists from various Polish language textbooks,

frequency lists, readers, and works from contemporary literature, film, and

mass media were successively added to a constantly growing master list of

words. With the inclusion of vocabulary from the author's W labiryncie In

the Labyrinth (a textbook based on a contemporary Polish soap opera), the

short-story collection Opowieści mojej żony Tales of my Wife by Miros∏aw

˚urawski, and the filmscripts of Krzysztof Kieślowski's ten-part film series

Dekalog The Decalogue, the word-list began to assume the appearance of a

real dictionary, containing around 20,000 words. Subsequently, logical gaps

were filled (for example, in the numeral and pronoun systems) and sweeps

were made through various Polish-only dictionaries, bringing the entry-

count to around 25,000. Especially useful was Elżbieta Sobol's Podręczny

s∏ownik języka polskiego A Concise Dictionary of Polish (PWN, Warsaw,

1996). Since that time, the dictionary has been slowly expanding up until the

final submission of the manuscript from the author's spot-reading of

contemporary Polish literature and the press.

The particular way in which this dictionary has arisen means that it will

be found to contain nearly all words needed to read and communicate in

contemporary standard Polish, plus a sizable number of less common items

determined by the happenstance of the author's choice of reading material.

This dictionary is not particularly strong in scientific and technological

vocabulary, although much will be found.

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