Dictionary of Energy.pdf

EDITORIAL BOARD

ROBERT U. AYRES

INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,

Laxenburg, Austria

GERALD DOUCET

World Energy Council, London, United Kingdom

ALEXANDER E. FARRELL

University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

JOSÉ GOLDEMBERG

University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

D.Y. GOSWAMI

University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

AMY MYERS JAFFE

Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA

THOMAS B. JOHANSSON

Lund University, Lund, Sweden

DONALD L. KLASS

Entech International, Inc., Barrington, Illinois, USA

JOSEPH R. PRIEST

Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA

MICHAEL A. TOMAN

Nitze School of International Studies,

Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA

VACLAV SMIL

University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

ERNST WORRELL

Ecofys, Utrecht, The Netherlands and US Department of Energy,

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

Editors-in-Chief

Cutler J. Cleveland

Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher Morris

Lexicographer, Morris Books, Escondido, California, United States of America

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First edition 2006

ISBN: 0–080–44578–0

Printed in Italy

Illustration Credits

air pollution: Courtesy of Litton Industries; animal

power: Morris Books; aqueduct: HBJ Photo/Craig

Collins; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Fish

& Wildlife Service; assembly line: Courtesy of Ford

Motor Company; astrolabe: HBJ Photo/Metropolitan

Museum of Art; atomic bomb: U.S. Army; autotroph:

Illustration by Sharron O'Neill; Babbage: HBJ Photo;

Bell: Courtesy of American Telephone & Telegraph;

Bernard: National Library of Medicine; biocontrol:

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture/Scott Bauer; biofuel: Cour-

tesy of Georgia Paciﬁ c; biplane: British Information

Services; block cutting: U.S. Forest Service; von

Braun: Courtesy of IBM Corporation; caravel: The

Mariners Museum; clipper ship: HBJ Photo/Granger

Collection; coal face: University of California, River-

side; cold-rolling: HBJ Photo; company town: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency; controlled burn-

ing: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; converter: Penn-

sylvania State Museum/Bethlehem Steel Company;

Copernicus: Courtesy of The American Museum of

Natural History; cultivator: Courtesy of John Deere

Company; Curie: Courtesy of American Institute of

Physics, Emilio Sergrè Visual Archives; dam: HBJ

Photo; de Broglie: American Institute of Physics;

deforestation: American Forest Product Industries;

derrick: Morris Books; desertiﬁ cation: U.S. Soil

Conservation Service; dike: Image After; draft ani-

mal: HBJ Photo;

(Credits continued on p.503)

Subject Areas of the Dictionary

Biographies

Biological Energetics

Biomass

Chemistry

Climate Change

Coal

Communication

Consumption and Efficiency

Conversion

Earth Science

Ecology

Economics and Business

Electricity

Environment

Geothermal

Global Issues

Health and Safety

History

HVAC (heating/ventilation/air

conditioning)

Hydrogen

Hydropower

Lighting

Materials

Measurement

Mining

Nuclear

Oil and Gas

Organizations

Photovoltaic

Physics

Policy

Refrigeration

Renewable/Alternative Forms

Social Issues

Solar

Storage

Sustainable Development

Thermodynamics

Transportation

Wind

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