Catastrophic Events Caused by Cosmic Objects.pdf

CATASTROPHIC EVENTS CAUSED BY COSMIC OBJECTS

Catastrophic Events Caused

by Cosmic Objects

Edited by

VITALY ADUSHKIN

Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres,

Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

and

IVAN NEMCHINOV

Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres,

Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-1-4020-6451-7 (HB)

ISBN 978-1-4020-6452-4 (e-book)

Published by Springer,

P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

www.springer.com

Book cover: Our planet experienced many impacts during its evolution. The impact of a large asteroid

is shown. If such an asteroid would hit the Earth nowadays, mankind would perish.

This is an extended and updated version and translation of the original work in Russian “Catastrophich-

eskie vozdeystviya cosmicheskih tel”, published by the Commercial Publishing Centre “Academkniga”,

2005.

The English edition contains a revised Chapter 1 and new results have been added to Chapter 10.

Printed on acid-free paper

No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted

in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording

or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception

of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered

and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

List of Contributors

1. Main Factors of Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids

Ivan Nemchinov, Valery Shuvalov and Vladimir Svetsov

2. Size-Frequency Distribution of Asteroids and Impact Craters:

Estimates of Impact Rate

Boris Ivanov

3. Cometary Hazards

117

Marina Kuzmitcheva and Boris Ivanov

4. Bolides in the Earth Atmosphere

131

Olga Popova and Ivan Nemchinov

5. Geologic Effects of Large Terrestrial Impact Crater Formation

163

Boris Ivanov

6. Thermal Radiation and Fires after Impacts of Cosmic Objects

207

Vladimir Svetsov

7. Tunguska Catastrophe of 30 June 1908

227

Vladimir Svetsov and Valery Shuvalov

8. High-Velocity Impact Ejecta: Tektites and Martian Meteorites

267

Natalia Artemieva

9. Marine Target Impacts

291

Valery Shuvalov, Irina Trubetskaya and Natalia Artemieva

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