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FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 5

LAMPREYS OF THE WORLD

AN ANNOTATED AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF

LAMPREY SPECIES KNOWN TO DATE

FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 5

FIR/Cat. 5

LAMPREYS OF THE WORLD

AN ANNOTATED AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF

LAMPREY SPECIES KNOWN TO DATE

Claude B. Renaud

Canadian Museum of Nature

Ottawa, Canada

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Rome, 2011

FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 5

The designations employed and the presentation of material in

this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion

whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of

the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status

of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning

the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of speciic

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been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or

recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that

are not mentioned.

The views expressed in this information product are those of the

author(s) and do not necessarily relect the views of FAO.

ISBN 978-92-5-106928-8

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Lampreys of the World

iii

PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

This catalogue was prepared under the FAO Fisheries Department Regular Programme by the FishFinder Programme in

the Marine Resources Service of the Fishery Resources Division. Financial support came from the Canadian Museum of

Nature.

It represents the irst comprehensive and updated publication concerning the Lampreys (order Petromyzontiformes),

providing an identiication key for the adults, a partial key for the larvae as well as an account for all species.

Lampreys are an evolutionary ancient group of jawless vertebrates displaying a temperate distribution. A number of

lamprey species are of signiicant interest to isheries and most of them play an important ecological role in their habitats.

They are a food source for numerous species and the parasitic species can affect the distribution and abundance of some

commercially important ishes. In the last decades, the populations of lampreys have dramatically declined due to human

disturbances to the extent that, to date, many of them are threatened or endangered. In this context, management and

conservation plans are being carried out for several species all over the world. Given that correct identiication is of primary

importance in resource management, the purpose of this catalogue is to help ishery workers and conservation biologists

to identify the 39 species belonging to this order.

The author, Dr. Claude B. Renaud, is a research scientist at the Canadian Museum of Nature. He is an internationally

recognized expert on lamprey taxonomy, systematics and morphology as conirmed by the large number of scientiic

articles published in the last 30 years.

Programme manager: Johanne Fischer (FAO, Rome)

Technical editor: Edoardo Mostarda (FAO, Rome)

Scientiic illustrator: Emanuela D’Antoni (FAO, Rome)

Digitization of distribution maps: Fabio Carocci (FAO, Rome)

Desktop publishing: Enzo Luchetti

Cover illustration: Emanuela D’Antoni (FAO, Rome)

Renaud, C.B.

Lampreys of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lamprey species known to date.

FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 5. Rome, FAO. 2011. 109 pp.

ABSTRACT

Lampreys are aquatic, jawless vertebrates belonging to the Order Petromyzontiformes. The order comprises 39

species widely distributed in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but virtually absent in the intervening tropical

zone. There is one family in the Northern Hemisphere (Petromyzontidae) comprising 35 species and two families in

the Southern Hemisphere (Geotriidae and Mordaciidae) comprising, respectively, one and three species. Lampreys

undergo a radical metamorphosis from the larval to the adult form. While lamprey larvae (ammocoetes) of all species

are very similar in their habits (ilter–feeding on microorganisms in a freshwater habitat), the adults vary considerably

in their mode of life. Some are parasitic and anadromous, others parasitic but restricted to fresh water, while still others

are nonparasitic (non–feeding) and restricted to fresh water. The taxonomic characters used to describe ammocoetes

and adults are fully explained and illustrated. A key to adults and a partial key to larvae are presented. This catalogue

provides an account for each of the 39 species. Each species account gives information on the taxonomy including

synonyms, common names, diagnostic features of ammocoetes and adults (with drawings of the adult body and oral

disc), habitat and biology, geographic distribution (with map), interest to isheries and references.

Distribution

Authors

FAO Fisheries Oficers

Regional Fisheries Councils and Commissions

Selector SC

FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 5

Acknowledgments

CBR beneited from two Visiting Professorships at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), held in 2003

and 2007, and thanks Dr. Martine Desoutter for facilitating these and being such a cordial host. Professor Guy Duhamel

and Patrice Pruvost , MNHN, readily made available the lamprey collections under their care. Dr. John Lundberg , ANSP,

provided additional information on the type locality of Ammocoetes aepyptera . Thanks go to Susan Laurie–Bourque , a

freelance scientiic illustrator, who drew oral discs for 13 lamprey species that were used as a basis for the drawings by

FAO illustrator Manuela D’Antoni . Another 21 oral discs were drawn by the late Paul I. Voevodine in the 1950s, under the

supervision of the late Prof. V.D. Vladykov (1898–1986), and these were likewise redrawn by Manuela D’Antoni for the

purpose of this catalogue. Mike Wayne of the Library Services at the Canadian Museum of Nature (CMN) was a formidable

retriever of obscure literature. Dr. Nina Bogutskaya , Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg,

Russian Federation, sent me dificult to obtain Russian literature [Tilesius (1811), Kessler (1870), Anikin (1905), Gratzianow

(1907)]. CMN volunteer Christie Stewart and interns Krystal Lapierre , Kim Threader , and Alexis Gagnon each entered

hundreds of references and distributional records. CMN research assistants Judy Busnarda (former) and Noel Alfonso

(current) helped with numerous tasks over the years. Noel was especially helpful in interacting with Fabio Carocci , FAO, to

produce the distributional maps. My colleague at the CMN, Dr. Brian W. Coad , provided much useful advice over the years

and was a sounding board for my ideas and always ready to take photographs of lampreys. Lise Janssen McAllister

graciously translated the original description of Lampetra Bergi and the late Dr. Juraj Holčík (1934–2010), Slovakia, that

of Lampetra lanceolata . This catalogue began in July 2003 and during the nearly seven years it took to complete the

project, four FAO editors oversaw its realization: Jordi Lleonart , Michel Lamboeuf , Nicoletta De Angelis , and Johanne

Fischer . I thank them all. Thank you to the FAO and the CMN for their inancial support over a number of years in order

to produce this catalogue. The inal thanks go to the late Professor Vadim D. Vladykov (1898–1986), for whom I was a

research assistant between 1977 and 1986, and who taught me so much about lampreys.

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