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"Front Matter". In: Microreactors
W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Löwe
Microreactors
Microreactors: New Technology for Modern Chemistry.
W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Löwe
Copyright © 2000 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim
ISBN: 3-527-29590-9
I
Wolfgang Ehrfeld, Volker Hessel, Holger Löwe
Microreactors
New Technology for Modern Chemistry
Weinheim · New York · Chichester · Brisbane · Singapore · Toronto
III
W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Löwe
Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH
Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18–20
55129 Mainz
Germany
This book was carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors and publisher do not warrant the infor-
mation contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements,
data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
First Edition 2000
Cover Illustration: Interdigital micromixers realized by small series fabrication.
Courtesy of IMM Mainz GmbH, Mainz, Germany.
Library of Congress Card No.: applied for
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
A catalogue record for this book is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek
ISBN 3-527-29590-9
© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000
Printed on acid-free and low chlorine paper
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated
into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks,
etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such are not to be considered unprotected by
law.
Composition: Text- und Software-Service Manuela Treindl, D-93059 Regensburg
Printing: Strauss Offsetdruck GmbH, D-69509 Mörlenbach
Bookbinding: Wilh. Osswald & Co., D-67433 Neustadt
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
IV
Preface
Today’s microreaction technology is no longer in its infancy. Whereas the first four years of
development were characterized by basic feasibility work and the development of methods,
sometimes even accompanied by skepticism and lack of understanding, the success of this
emerging technology these days is beyond doubt. Small microfabricated reactors have proven
to provide excellent mass and heat transfer properties as well as uniform flow patterns and
residence time distributions. Some of these devices even are available commercially and
being tested by a growing community of researchers. This, for instance, holds for interdigital
micromixers, thus stimulating a rapid accumulation of know-how in the field of micromixing.
The numerous teams of researchers investigating microreaction technology belong to
many disciplines, e.g. chemists, physicists, chemical engineers, material scientists, and
mechanical engineers. Meanwhile, a vivid communication has started, the series of “Inter-
national Conferences on Microreaction Technology” being the focus of this exchange of
scientific results. It seems to be that something which was hidden for a long time is now
bursting out, and has the potential to a complete change of today’s chemical methodologies
and, maybe even more notable, the corresponding habits of the researchers.
Industrial contributions played an important role throughout the recent years’ develop-
ments. Innovative companies like DuPont and BASF promoted and supported these devel-
opments by own activities from the very beginning. The Merck company presented their
first example of implementing a new industrial process, at least assisted by means of
microreaction technology. Axiva seems to be interested to become a professional provider
of modern process development utilizing microreactors. A number of companies followed
these examples, e.g. Schering, Degussa-Hüls, and Bayer, just to name a few. But not only
German companies are involved, Rhône-Poulenc/Rhodia in France, Shell in the Nether-
lands and the United Kingdom, as well as DuPont and UOP in the U.S.A. have become
more and more active.
The technical and scientific development concerning micoreactors is tremendous. Know-
ledge concerning microfabrication, modeling, design concepts, and testing is provided and
increasingly spread between different journals. Due to this growing number of publications
and a so far missing common platform, e.g. a journal on microreaction technology, the
authors strongly felt that it is high time to summarize and categorize the research work in
recent years. In this context, this book presents the state of the art of this new discipline, but
is also designated to reveal its full beauty and breathless excitement.
This book is written both for the newcomer and the expert as well as for researchers
from industry and research institutions. It is neither intended to attract chemists or chemi-
cal engineers only nor being dedicated to “microtechnicians”. Hence, the book, as
microreaction technology itself, should be of interdisciplinary character in the true sense. It
tries to join the different disciplines, to evidence the success of mutual interaction, and to
high-light the benefits of such a strategy.
V
Preface
The book contents are subdivided into two major parts. The beginning of each chapter is
aimed to present general aspects of a specific class of microdevices, while in separate sec-
tions details are discussed therein. Consequently, large parts of this book contain a multi-
tude of single information compiled in a comprehensive volume. Nevertheless, concepts
are introduced as well and the respective fields of applications are indicated. Presently,
such a systematic analysis in most cases is limited since a number of activities regarding
microreactors still remain in their starting phase. However, there is an ultimate need to
expand this systematic analysis in a future version of this book.
A book, as all hard and genuine work, seldom is elaborated by a single person or a small
group on their own, but rather in a framework of human co-operation. In this context, the
authors would like to acknowlegde the aid of all members of the Microreaction Technology
and Chemistry Departments at the Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz. In particular, this refers
to L. Agueda for organization, J. Schiewe and Th. Richter for discussion and proof-read-
ing, and Ch. Hofmann for illustration. Additionally, all funders and believers in this tech-
nology are acknowlegded, in particular from chemical industries as well as the DECHEMA
and DARPA organizations. The same holds for the VCH-Wiley publishers, early recogniz-
ing the importance of microreaction technology and providing the possibility for this com-
prehensive volume. Finally, the authors are deeply indebted to the scientific community
active in microreaction technology. For instance, a number of researchers helped a lot by
providing illustrations and proof-reading of sections.
IMRET 4 in Atlanta is just around the corner. The technology development certainly
will speed up. Standardization and system assembly as well as commercialization of
microreactors may become relevant key topics. Production issues based on microreactors –
a topic only mentioned in a whisper two years ago – attracts increasing interest. These
interesting topics certainly will contribute to the growing progress in microreaction tech-
nology.
We are really glad that we actively could take part in such a fascinating development.
W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Löwe
Mainz, March 2000
VI
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