The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
base verb(v1)
past simple(v2)
past participle(v3)
work
worked
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:
· I like painted furniture.
The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?
The answer is: In 3 ways - / Id/ or / t/ or / d/
If the base verb ends in one of these sounds:
example base verb*:
examplewith -ed:
pronouncethe -ed:
extra syllable?
unvoiced
/t/
want
wanted
/ Id/
yes
voiced
/d/
end
ended
/p/
hope
hoped
/ t/
no
/f/
laugh
laughed
/s/
fax
faxed
/S/
wash
washed
/tS/
watch
watched
/k/
like
liked
all other sounds,for example...
play
played
/ d/
allow
allowed
beg
begged
* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
Exceptions
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:
· aged
· blessed
· crooked
· dogged
· learned
· naked
· ragged
· wicked
· wretched
So we say:
· an aged man /Id/
· a blessed nuisance /Id/
· a dogged persistence /Id/
· a learned professor - the professor, who was truly learned /Id/
· a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /Id/
But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:
· he aged quickly /d/
· he blessed me /t/
· they dogged him /d/
· he has learned well /d/ or /t/
A list of the past simple tense and past participle of regular verbs that end in -ed.
-ed pronounced as / Id/
-ed pronounced as / t/
-ed pronounced as / d/
arrestedcollectedcontactedcounteddecideddefended demanded dividedendedexpandedexpected exported flooded graduated hated hunted includedinvited inventedlandedneededpaintedplantedprintedpresented pretendedprotectedprovided rentedrepeated reported respected restedscoldedskatedstartedshouted treated visitedwaitedwantedwasted
askedbakedbrushed cookedcrackedcrasheddanced dresseddroppedescaped finished fixedguessedhelpedhopedhikedjokedjumped knocked kissedlaughed locked lookedmissedmixedpackedpassedpickedpressedpushedpronouncedrelaxed slippedsmokedstopped shopped talkedtyped walked washedwatchedworked
agreedallowed answered appearedarrivedbelievedbelonged burnedcalledcarriedchanged cleanedclosed coveredcrieddamageddescribeddieddriedearned encouraged enjoyedenteredexplained explored filledfollowed happenedinterviewedimagined jailed killedlistened livedlovedmeasured movedopenedplannedplayedperformedpulledrealized remembered rainedrepaired savedsharedshavedshowedsignedslammed stayedsnowedstudiedtriedtraveledturnedused welcomedwhispered worriedyawned
Exercise
Put the verbs in the right column depending on the pronunciation of the simple past and past participle form
shaveshareexport
flood
hate
pronounce
relax
showsignwaste
graduate
expect
saveslam
slip
pick
presspush
...
EnglishStuff