Chambers - Modern Inorganic Chemistry.pdf - Chemistry - lakin75

Modern

inorganic chemistry

AN INTERMEDIATE TEXT

C. CHAMBERS, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C.

Senior Chemistry Master,

Bolton School

A. K. HOLLIDAY, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C.

Professor of Inorganic Chemistry,

The University of Liverpool

BUTTERWORTHS

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First published 1975

Printed and bound in Great Britain by R. .).

Acford Ltd., Industrial Estate, Chichester,

Sussex.

Contents

1 The periodic table

2 Structure and bonding

3 Energetics

4 Acids and bases: oxidation and reduction

5 Hydrogen

111

6 Groups I and II

119

7 The elements of Group III

138

8 Group IV

160

9 Group V

206

10 Group VI

257

11 Group VII: the halogens

310

12 The noble gases

353

13 The transition elements

359

14 The elements of Groups IB and IIB

425

15 The lanthanides and actinides

440

Index

447

Preface

The welcome changes in GCE Advanced level syllabuses during the

last few years have prompted the writing of this new Inorganic

Chemistry which is intended to replace the book by Wood and

Holliday. This new book, like its predecessor, should also be of value

in first-year tertiary level chemistry courses. The new syllabuses have

made it possible to go much further in systematising and explaining

the facts of inorganic chemistry, and in this book the first four chap-

ters—-the periodic table; structure and bonding; energetics: and

acids and bases with oxidation and reduction—provide the necessary

grounding for the later chapters on the main groups, the first transi-

tion series and the lanthanides and actinides. Although a similar

overall treatment has been adopted in all these later chapters, each

particular group or series has been treated distinctively, where

appropriate, to emphasise special characteristics or trends.

A major difficulty in an inorganic text is to strike a balance between

a short readable book and a longer, more detailed text which can be

used for reference purposes. In reaching what we hope is a reasonable

compromise between these two extremes, we acknowledge that both

the historical background and industrial processes have been treated

very concisely. We must also say that we have not hesitated to sim-

plify complicated reactions or other phenomena—thus, for example,

the treatment of amphoterism as a pH-dependent sequence between

a simple aquo-cation and a simple hydroxo-anion neglects the pre-

sence of more complicated species but enables the phenomena to be

adequately understood at this level.

We are grateful to the following examination boards for permission

to reproduce questions (or parts of questions) set in recent years in

Advanced level (A), Special or Scholarship (S), and Nuffield (N)

papers: Joint Matriculation Board (JMB). Oxford Local Examina-

tions (O). University of London (L) and Cambridge Local Examina-

PREFACE

tion Syndicate (C). We also thank the University of Liverpool for

permission to use questions from various first-year examination

papers. Where appropriate, data in the questions have been converted

to SI units, and minor changes of nomenclature have been carried

out; we are indebted to the various Examination Boards and to the

University of Liverpool for permission for such changes.

C.C

A.K.H.

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