Synthetic Polymers for Biotechnology and Medicine - Ruth Freitag.pdf - medyczne (angielski) - wojtek3101993

Synthetic Polymers

for Biotechnology

and Medicine

Ruth Freitag, Ph.D.

EUREKAH.COM

B IOTECHNOLOGY

U NIT 4

Synthetic Polymers

for Biotechnology

and Medicine

Ruth Freitag, Ph.D.

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Lausanne, Switzerland

L ANDES B IOSCIENCE

G EORGETOWN , T EXAS

U. S.A.

E UREKAH . COM

A USTIN , T EXAS

U.S.A.

I NTELLIGENCE

S YNTHETIC P OLYMERS FOR B IOTECHNOLOGY

AND M EDICINE

Biotechnology Intelligence Unit 4

Eurekah.com

Landes Bioscience

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,

without permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in the U.S.A.

Please address all inquiries to the Publishers:

Eurekah.com / Landes Bioscience

810 South Church Street, Georgetown, Texas, U.S.A. 78626

Phone: 512/ 863 7762; FAX: 512/ 863 0081

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www.landesbioscience.com

ISBN: 1-58706-027-2 (hard cover version)

ISBN: 1-58706-081-7 (soft cover version)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Synthetic polymers for biotechnology and medicine / [edited by] Ruth Freitag.

p. ; cm. -- (Biotechnology intelligence unit)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-58706-027-2 (alk. paper)

1. Polymers in medicine. I. Freitag, Ruth, 1961 - II.Series.

[DNLM: 1. Polymers. 2. Biomedical Engineering. 3. Biotechnology.

4. Equipment Design. QT 37.5P7 S993 2001]

R857.P6 S975 2001

610W´.28--dc21

00-063629

CONTENTS

Preface ................................................................................................. vii

1. Cell Encapsulation: Generalities, Methods, Applications

and Bioartificial Pancreas Case Study ..................................................... 1

Gabriela Grigorescu and David Hunkeler

Introduction .......................................................................................... 1

Immunoisolation ................................................................................... 4

Cell Delivery ......................................................................................... 5

Microencapsulation ............................................................................... 7

Bioartificial Organs ............................................................................... 7

Case Study: Insulin Production Systems .............................................. 10

Socio-Political Considerations ............................................................. 13

Conclusions ......................................................................................... 14

2. Synthetic and Semisynthetic Polymers as Vehicles

for In Vitro Gene Delivery into Cultured Mammalian Cells ................ 19

Martin Jordan

Introduction: Impact of Molecular Biology ......................................... 19

Areas in Need of Efficient Gene Delivery ............................................ 20

The DNA Molecule ............................................................................ 21

Barriers to Efficient Gene Transfer ...................................................... 21

Conclusions ......................................................................................... 35

Definitions .......................................................................................... 36

Structures of Frequently Used Molecules ............................................. 37

3. Affinity Precipitation: Stimulus-Responsive Polymers

for Bioseparation .................................................................................. 40

Ruth Freitag

Introduction ........................................................................................ 40

The Role of Affinity Separations in Product Isolation .......................... 41

The Principle and Application of Affinity Precipitation ....................... 43

Smart Polymers for Affinity Precipitation ............................................ 48

Thermosensitive AML ......................................................................... 50

Introduction of the Affinity Mediator ................................................. 53

Conclusions and Outlook .................................................................... 54

4. Synthetic Displacers for Preparative Biochromatography ..................... 58

Ruth Freitag and Christine Wandrey

Introduction ........................................................................................ 58

The Principle of Displacement Chromatography ................................. 59

Displacers for Biochromatography ....................................................... 64

Polyelectrolytes .................................................................................... 73

Steric Mass Action Model .................................................................... 77

Systematic Displacer Design, Some Theoretical

Considerations ................................................................................ 82

Conclusions ......................................................................................... 84

5. Membrane Adsorbers for Decontamination

and Leukocyte Removal ....................................................................... 87

Galya Tishchenko and Miroslav Bleha

Introduction ........................................................................................ 87

Evaluation of the Adsorbing Efficiency

of Interactive Membranes ................................................................ 88

Membranes for Depyrogenation (Endotoxin Removal) ....................... 90

Membranes for Removal of Bacteria and Viruses

from Aqueous Solution ................................................................. 108

Membranes for Removal of Leukocytes

from Blood Products ..................................................................... 110

Conclusions ....................................................................................... 112

6. Stimulus Responsive Surfaces: Possible Implications

for Biochromatography, Cell Detachment and Drug Delivery ........... 116

Igor Yu Galaev and Bo Mattiasson

Stimulus-Responsive Polymers .......................................................... 117

Polymer-Grafted Surfaces .................................................................. 119

Temperature-Responsive Chromatography ........................................ 120

Cell Detachment from Polymer-Grafted Surfaces .............................. 122

Controlling Porosity via Smart Polymers—

The “Chemical Valve” ................................................................... 125

Polymer-Carrying Liposomes for Triggered

Release/Drug Delivery ................................................................... 127

Conclusions ....................................................................................... 129

7. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: A New Dimension

in Analytical Bioseparation ................................................................. 134

Oliver Brüggemann

Introduction ...................................................................................... 134

The Principle of Molecular Imprinting .............................................. 134

MIP for Bioseparation ....................................................................... 141

Binding Assays Using MIP ................................................................ 149

Sensor Technology ............................................................................ 151

MIP to Assist Chemical Synthesis ...................................................... 151

Conclusions ....................................................................................... 154

Index .................................................................................................. 163

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