Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, Third Edition - Stanley E. Manahan.pdf - medyczne (angielski) - wojtek3101993

T OXICOLOGICAL

AND

B IOCHEMISTRY

THIRD EDITION

C HEMISTRY

T OXICOLOGICAL

AND

B IOCHEMISTRY

THIRD EDITION

Stanley E. Manahan

LEWIS PUBLISHERS

A CRC Press Company

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

C HEMISTRY

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Manahan, Stanley E.

Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry / by Stanley E. Manahan.-- 3rd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-56670-618-1

1. Toxicological chemistry. 2. Environmental chemistry. 3. Biochemical toxicology. I.

Title.

RA1219.3 .M36 2002

815.9

54--dc21

2002072486

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with

permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish

reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials

or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior

permission in writing from the publisher.

The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works,

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′

001

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Trademark Notice:

Preface

(1989) was written to bridge the gap between

toxicology and chemistry. It deﬁned toxicological chemistry as the science that deals with the

chemical nature and reactions of toxic substances, their origins and uses, and the chemical aspects

of their exposure, transformation, and elimination by biological systems. It emphasized the chemical

formulas, structures, and reactions of toxic substances. The second edition of

Toxicological Chemistry

Toxicological Chem-

(1992) was signiﬁcantly enlarged and increased in scope compared to the ﬁrst edition. In

addition to toxicological chemistry, it addressed the topic of environmental biochemistry, which

pertains to the effects of environmental chemical substances on living systems and the inﬂuence

of life-forms on such chemicals. It did so within a framework of environmental chemistry, deﬁned

as that branch of chemistry that deals with the origins, transport, reactions, effects, and fates of

chemical species in the water, the air, and terrestrial and living environments.

The third edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded into areas important to toxicolog-

ical chemistry based upon recent advances in several signiﬁcant ﬁelds. In recognition of the

increased emphasis on the genetic aspects of toxicology, the toxic effects to various body systems,

and xenobiotics analysis, the title has been changed to

The new edition has been designed to be useful to a wide spectrum of readers with various interests

and a broad range of backgrounds in chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology. For readers who

have had very little exposure to chemistry, Chapter 1 , “Chemistry and Organic Chemistry,” outlines

the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry needed to understand the rest of the

material in the book. The er chapter, “Environmental Chemistry,” is an overview of that topic,

presented so that the reader may understand the remainder of the book within a framework of

environmental chemistry. Chapter 3 , “Biochemistry,” gives the fundamentals of the chemistry of

life processes essential to understanding toxicological chemistry and biochemistry. Chapter 4 ,

“Metabolic Processes,” covers the basic principles of metabolism needed to understand how toxi-

cants interact with organisms. Chapter 5 , “Environmental Biological Processes and Ecotoxicology,”

is a condensed and updated version of three chapters from the second edition dealing with microbial

processes, biodegradation and bioaccumulation, and biochemical processes that occur in aquatic

and soil environments; the major aspects of ecotoxicology are also included. Chapter 6 , “Toxicol-

ogy,” deﬁnes and explains toxicology as the science of poisons. Chapter 7 , “Toxicological Chem-

istry,” bridges the gap between toxicology and chemistry, emphasizing chemical aspects of toxi-

cological phenomena, including fates and effects of xenobiotic chemicals in living systems. Chapter

8 , “Genetic Aspects of Toxicology,” is new; it recognizes the importance of considering the crucial

role of nucleic acids, the basic genetic material of life, in toxicological chemistry. It provides the

foundation for understanding the important ways in which chemical damage to DNA can cause

mutations, cancer, and other toxic effects. It also considers the role of genetics in determining

genetic susceptibilities to various toxicants. Also new is Chapter 9 , “Toxic Responses,” which

considers toxicities to various systems in the body, such as the endocrine and reproductive systems.

It is important for understanding the speciﬁc toxic effects of various toxicants on certain body

organs, as discussed in later chapters. Chapters 10 to 18 discuss toxicological chemistry within an

organizational structure based on classes of chemical substances, and Chapter 19 deals with

toxicants from natural sources. Another new addition is Chapter 20 , “Analysis of Xenobiotics,”

which deals with the determination of toxicants and their metabolites in blood and other biological

materials.

Every effort has been made to retain the basic information and structure that have made the

ﬁrst two editions of this book popular among and useful to students, faculty, regulatory agency

personnel, people working with industrial hygiene aspects, and any others who need to understand

toxic effects of chemicals from a chemical perspective. The chapters that have been added are

designed to enhance the usefulness of the book and to modernize it in important areas such as

genetics and xenobiotics analysis.

Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry

The ﬁrst edition of

istry

This book is designed to be both a textbook and a general reference book. Questions at the end

of each chapter are written to summarize and review the material in the chapter. References are

given for speciﬁc points covered in the book, and supplementary references are cited at the end of

each chapter for additional reading about the topics covered.

The assistance of David Packer, Publisher, CRC Press, in developing the third edition of

is gratefully acknowledged. The author would also like

to acknowledge the excellent work of Judith Simon, Project Editor, and the staff of CRC Press in

the production of this book.

Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry

Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, Third Edition - Stanley E. Manahan.pdf

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