First_Hop_Redundancy.pdf

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F IRST H OP R EDUNDANCY

packetlife.net

Protocols

Attributes

HSRP

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Provides default gateway redundancy using one active

and one standby router; standardized but licensed by

Cisco Systems

VRRP

GLBP

Standard

RFC 2281

RFC 3768

Cisco

Load Balancing

No

No

Yes

IPv6 Support

Yes

No

Yes

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

An open-standard alternative to Cisco's HSRP,

providing the same functionality

Transport

UDP/1985

IP/112

UDP/3222

Default Priority

100

100

100

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

Supports arbitrary load balancing in addition to

redundancy across gateways; Cisco proprietary

Default Hello

3 sec

1 sec

3 sec

Multicast Group

224.0.0.2

224.0.0.18

224.0.0.102

HSRP

VRRP

GLBP

100

200

100

100

200

100

Backup

100

200

100

AVF

Standby

Active

Listen

Backup

Master

AVF

AVF

AVG

HSRP Configuration

HSRP/GLBP Interface States

Speak Ğ Gateway election in progress

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0

standby version {1 | 2}

standby 1 ip 10.0.1.1

standby 1 timers <hello> <dead>

standby 1 priority <priority>

standby 1 preempt

standby 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>

standby 1 track <interface> <value>

standby 1 track <object> decrement <value>

Active Ğ Active router/VG

Standby Ğ Backup router/VG

Listen Ğ Not the active router/VG

VRRP Interface States

Master Ğ Acting as the virtual router

Backup Ğ All non-master routers

VRRP Configuration

GLBP Roles

Active Virtual Gateway (AVG)

Answers for the virtual router and assigns

virtual MAC addresses to group members

Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF)

All routers which forward traffic for the group

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0

vrrp 1 ip 10.0.1.1

vrrp 1 timers {advertise <hello> | learn}

vrrp 1 priority <priority>

vrrp 1 preempt

vrrp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>

vrrp 1 track <object> decrement <value>

GLBP Load Balancing

Round-Robin (default)

The AVG answers host ARP requests for the

virtual router with the next router in the cycle

Host-Dependent

Round-robin cycling is used while a consistent

AVF is maintained for each host

Weighted

Determines the proportionate share of hosts

handled by each AVF

GLBP Configuration

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0

glbp 1 ip 10.0.1.1

glbp 1 timers <hello> <dead>

glbp 1 timers redirect <redirect> <time-out>

glbp 1 priority <priority>

glbp 1 preempt

glbp 1 forwarder preempt

glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>

glbp 1 load-balancing <method>

glbp 1 weighting <weight> lower <lower> upper <upper>

glbp 1 weighting track <object> decrement <value>

Troubleshooting

show standby [brief]

show vrrp [brief]

show glbp [brief]

show track [brief]

by Jeremy Stretch

v2.0

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