Rose & Cross Chronicles Scroll 3 Pt3 by Philippe L De Coster BTh DD (2013).pdf
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Sovereign Order of the Elder Brethren Rose
Cross
Founded by Pope John XXII of Avignon (France) in 1317
Philippus-Laurentius, Grand Master (1975-)
Rose
Cross Chronicles
Scroll Three, Part Three
Documents belonging to O.S.F.A
C
Arranged by Philippus-Laurentius, General Grand Master
© June 2013, Philippe Laurent De Coster, B.Th.,D.D., Ghent, Belgium
1
The Knights Temple Churches
(Castles)
In 1099 AD, the First Crusade re-captured the Holy Land in general, and the city
of Jerusalem in particular, following the Muslim invasions which had conquered
the area some 300 years earlier.
Lots of Christian pilgrims wanted to travel to the area, but it was a very
dangerous journey.
Two ex-crusaders therefore established a monastic order to protect travellers to
and from the Holy Land.
The first members were all related, by blood or as in-laws, to each other, and
there were 9 founding members.
The order was approved by the King of Jerusalem, Baldwin II, and one of those
crusaders, Hugh de Payens, became the first Grand Master of the order.
Baldwin gave the Temple Mount, the site of the Temple of Solomon, and now
the site of the Dome of the Rock, to the Knights. They thus acquired both a
headquarters, and a name for the new order.
2
It swiftly gained status as a favoured and important order, and was endorsed by
the Papacy in 1129, and became even more powerful in 1139 when it became
answerable only to the Pope, and therefore exempt from local laws, and Kings,
Dukes, and Bishops.
But by the early 14th century, its sheer power and wealth attracted the envious
attention of the greedy and power-hungry French King, Philip IV.
He owed the Templars rather a lot of money, and turned his full attention to the
destruction of the order.
Many Templars were accused of heresy, burned alive, imprisoned in terrible
conditions, or sent away to other, obscure orders of monks.
The Pope completed the task by dissolving the Knights Templar altogether in
1312.
The property from the order went mostly to the Knights Hospitallers, another
military order of monks.
In some countries, the Knights re-formed into new orders, with the same
property, same people, and a new name. Some was grabbed by the rulers of the
areas in question
The Knights Templar were an organization that fought for the word of God.
However, as time went by, their ideals of being soldiers for Christ was not what
they expected, nor did it satisfy them. Over time they evolved, and their small
society gained presence, and decisions were made in the confines of
fortifications all over the world.
The Templars erected many buildings in the west including preceptories,
churches, and granges for administration purposes. They were simplistic and
utilitarian in form with of course a few exceptions. There was no dictated form
of Templar church architecture.
Over the years, misconceptions about the circular construction of temples in
Paris have led people to believe that every circular building was constructed by
the Templars. However, that was not the case.
Furthermore, the Templars did not believe that money should be spent on
elaborate church construction and ornate accessories. Besides, allowing the
construction of overblown and over indulgent European castles would only be
an economic liability.
3
There was one exception, that being the Iberian peninsula, where in Aragon and
Portugal the Order was pledged to fight against the Moors, and needed castles
just as it needed them in the Holy Land.
In 1099, Jerusalem was captured by the crusaders and instead of the complete
destruction of Solomon’s temple, it was turned into a royal palace for the
crusaders. In 1119, the temple was turned into the main headquarters for the
Knights Templar. Many renovations were made including new vaulted ceilings
and boundary walls around the interior worship areas to section off the rituals.
In most cases, these structures were built both for the use of a chapel and a
fortress. They were aligned with the sea and the lookout towers were
constructed in a way that made their surrounding fortresses more visible in case
of attacks. Chastal Blanc was situated in the Safita’s three hills and from the
tower the Templars were able to view their strongholds at Tartus and Ruad
Island to the northwest, Chastel Rouge to the southwest, Akkar to the south, and
Krak des Chevaliers to the southeast.The bottom floor is an Orthodox chapel
maintained for the worship of Saint Michael and by the residents of Safita. The
upper floor was used as a dormitory and the angled windows for archers.
From a historical standpoint, Krak des Chevaliers is by far the best preserved
feudal castle in the world. This fort was part of the network along the
Mediterranean that controlled the fishing industry and watched for Muslim
armies gathering in Syria. “In 1142 it was given by Raymond II, count of
Tripoli, to the Hospitallers, contemporaries of the Knights Templar.” Keeping
with the traditions of an inner sanction, more walls were built around the fortress
forming almost a series of nesting areas.
There were drawbridges connecting the courtyard, a chapel, and two stone
stables which held up to a thousand horses. Storage areas were built below the
fortress, into the cliff-sides. “It is estimated that the Hospitallers could have
withstood a siege for five years.”
In 1266, the Mamluk sultan Baybars wiped out the Christian Templar population
and turned it into a Muslim town called
Safad
or
Safat
. According to al-
Dimashqi (who died in Safed in 1327), writing around 1300, Baybars after
levelling the old fortress, built a “round tower and called it Kullah. Its height is
120 ells, and its breadth is 70. And to the terrace-roof (of the tower) you go up
by double passage. Five horses can ride up to the top (of the tower) abreast by
winding passage-way without steps. The tower is built in three stories. It is
provided with provisions, and halls, and magazines. Under the place is a cistern
for rain-water, sufficient to supply the garrison of the fortress from year´s end to
year´s end.
4
Al-Aqsa Mosque (Jerusalem)
The Al Aqsa Mosque was built by the Muslim Caliph Al-Walid 20 years after
the erection of the Dome of the Rock, in the year 711, at the far side of the
Temple Mount platform to identify the compound as the place from which
Mohammed ascended to heaven. Al-Aqsa means the farthest point, and refers to
Mohammed’s miraculous night flight on his winged horse, Al-Buraq, from
Mecca to Jerusalem and back.
Over the past 1,300 years the building has undergone many alterations,
including after parts of it collapsed during earthquakes and wars. In the 12th
century the mosque was taken over by the Knights Templar, who used it as their
main headquarters in Israel. They called it Templum Salomonis (Royal Palace of
Solomon) and architectural elements from that period can still be seen on the
façade of the building and its eastern side. Beneath the building, where King
Herod built up the hillside, the Crusaders stabled their horses and called the site
Solomon’s stables, even though there is no connection between them and the
First Temple Period and King Solomon.
After Saladin took over the city in 1187, the mosque was returned to its original
purpose and has been under Muslim control ever since. Today it is administered
by the Waqf, the Muslim authority that manages the Muslim holy sites in Israel.
The mosque’s lead dome can be seen from various observation points around the
Old City, but only Muslims are allowed into the prayer hall.
5
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