IHT 20130802.pdf

STAGESOFWAR

‘HENRYVI’ON

BATTLEFIELDS

PAGE8 | CULTURE

ROGERCOHEN

THEGREEKSHIP

ISTURNING

PAGE6 | VIEWS

GOOGLE’SPHONE

HOPINGTOBE

TAKENSERIOUSLY

PAGE14 | BUSINESSWITH

....

THEGLOBALEDITIONOFTHENEWYORKTIMES

FRIDAY,AUGUST2,2013

GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM

SNOWDENGETS

YEAR’SASYLUM

FROMRUSSIA

makeapublicappearancesoon.‘‘Ican-

notgiveoutdetails,’’hesaid.

Mr.Snowdenlefttheairport’stransit

zonealone,anairportofficialsaid,but

WikiLeakslaterannouncedthathehad

leftwithoneoftheorganization’srepre-

sentatives,SarahHarrison,whoappar-

entlyhadremainedwithhimsincehis

flightbeganinHongKonginJune.

‘‘Weareextremelydisappointedthat

theRussianFederationwouldtakethis

step,’’theWhiteHousepresssecretary,

JayCarney,saidinWashington.‘‘Obvi-

ously,thisisnotapositivedevelop-

ment.’’

Mr.CarneysaidMr.Obamahadnot

decidedwhethertocancelaplanneda

triptoMoscowinSeptemberbuthe

stronglysuggestedhewould.‘‘Weare

evaluatingtheutilityofasummit,’’he

said.

Mr.Snowden,thespokesmansaid,

wasnota‘‘whistle-blower,’’ashissup-

porterscontendbutsomeonewhohas

beenindictedonfelonychargesofleak-

ingclassifiedinformation.Mr.Carney

saidtheRussiandecision‘‘undermines

alonghistoryoflawenforcementco-

operation,’’mostlyrecentlyontheBos-

tonMarathonbombings.

Americanlawmakershavecalledfor

harshretaliationagainstRussia,evena

boycottoftheWinterOlympicGamesto

beheldinSochi.

AlthoughPresidentVladimirV.Putin

andMr.Obamabothsoughttoavoida

direct diplomatic clashoverMr.

Snowden,Mr.Putinandotherofficials

inRussiamadeclearthattheywould

undernocircumstanceextraditehim,

despitedirectappealsfromSecretaryof

StateJohnKerryandAttorneyGeneral

EricH.HolderJr.

Asrecentlyasthisweek,Americanof-

ficialsremainedhopefulthatsomesort

ofagreementtoreturnMr.Snowdento

MOSCOW

AdefiantMoscowgrants

refugeestatustoleakerof

U.S.surveillancesecrets

BYSTEVENLEEMYERS

ANDANDREWE.KRAMER

Brushingasidepleasandwarnings

fromPresidentBarackObamaandoth-

erseniorAmericanofficials,Russiahas

grantedEdwardJ.Snowdentemporary

asylumandallowedhimtowalkfreeout

ofaMoscowairporttransitzoneon

Thursday,endinghislegallimbothere

aftermorethanfiveweeks.

Mr.Snowden,theformerintelligence

analystwantedbytheUnitedStatesfor

leakingdetailsoftheNationalSecurity

Agency’s surveillance programs,

thankedRussiainastatementissuedby

WikiLeaks,theanti-secrecyorganization

thathasbeenassistinghim.Heaccused

theUnitedStatesofdisregardingthelaw

initsglobalhunttoarresthimandsaid

that‘‘intheend,thelawiswinning.’’

Russia’sdecision,whichinfuriated

U.S.officials,significantlyalteredthele-

galstatusofMr.Snowden.Evenas

thoseleakscontinued,Mr.Snowden

nowhaslegalpermissiontolive—and

conceivablyevenwork—anywherein

Russiaforaslongasayear,safelyoutof

thereachofAmericanprosecutors.

Mr.Snowden,30,departedShere-

metyevoAirportunexpectedlyat3:30

intheafternoonafterhislawyer,Anato-

lyG.Kucherena,deliveredtohima

passport-likedocumentissuedbythe

FederalMigrationServiceonWednes-

dayandvaliduntilJuly31,2014.

Mr.Kucherenasaidhewouldnotdis-

closethewhereaboutsofMr.Snowden,

thoughheexpectedMr.Snowdencould

KHALILHAMRA/THEASSOCIATEDPRESS

Tensionmounting AsupporterofMohamedMorsi,theoustedEgyptianpresident,ataCairoencampment,whichtheauthoritiesorderedclosed. PAGE4

CourtupholdsBerlusconi’staxfraudconviction

ofafive-yearbanonhisholdingpublic

office,acompromisethatmightstave

offanimminentcollapseofItaly’sleft-

rightcoalitiongovernment.

Thedecision,bytheCourtofCassa-

tion,wasthefirsttimeMr.Berlusconi

haseverreceivedadefinitiveconvic-

tionin20yearsoftangleswithItaly’sju-

dicialsystem.

Therulingcouldupendhiscenter-

rightparty,PeopleofLiberty,morea

charismaticmovementthananideolog-

icallycoherentparty,andalsostrainthe

center-leftDemocraticParty,elements

ofwhichhaveneverlikedsharing

powerwiththeirformerrival.Opposi-

tionpoliticiansimmediatelycalledfor

Mr.Berlusconitostepdownoutofre-

spectforaParliamentwhosemandate

istopasslaws,notbreakthem.

InopeningargumentsonTuesday,

thepublicprosecutorsaidMr.Ber-

lusconiwas‘‘themind’’behindthetax

fraud,andtheprosecutoraskedthe

courttoupholdthefour-yearprisonsen-

tence.Buthehadaskedforareduction

inthebanonpublicofficetothreeyears

fromfive.Mr.Berlusconi’sdefenselaw-

yercalledthisa‘‘blatanterror’’insen-

tencing.

Thecourtchosetoconfirmafour-

yearsentence,whichwasautomatically

reducedtooneyearunderanItalianlaw

aimedat reducingprisonover-

crowding.

Therulingwasnonethelessasignifi-

cantblowtotheformerprimeminister.

Intheothercases—whichrangefrom

taxevasiontobuyingjudgestoembez-

zlement—Mr.Berlusconi,76,was

eitheracquittedonappealorthestatute

oflimitationsranout.

Thecaseathandinvolvedchargesby

MilanprosecutorswhoarguedthatMr.

Berlusconi,amediamogul,andother

defendantshadboughttherightsto

broadcastAmericanmoviesonhisnet-

ROME

Penaltyforex-premier

iseased,ashispolitical

banwillbere-examined

SNOWDEN,PAGE4

BYRACHELDONADIO

Italy’shighestcourtonThursdaydefin-

itivelyconfirmedafour-yearprison

sentencefortaxfraudforSilvioBer-

lusconi,dealingasevereblowtoItaly’s

mostdominantpolitician.

Butitalsocalledforare-examination

Signsofprecrisishabits

castdoubtonratingsfirm

ITALY,PAGE4

astrousconsequencesofinflatedratings

duringthefinancialcrisisof2007and

2008.Backthen,manyoftheworld’s

biggestbanksandinvestorsoverexten-

dedthemselvesbybuyingsuchsecuri-

ties,whosehighratingshadmadethem

seemlessriskythantheyprovedonce

realestatepricescollapsedandmanyof

theunderlyingmortgageswentintode-

fault.

TheU.S.banksBearStearnsandLeh-

manBrotherscollapsedinthecrisis

thatensued.AndinEurope,AngloIrish

andDexiawereamongthebanksre-

quiringbigbailouts.OtherEuropean

banks,includingthelargest,Deutsche

Bank,arestilldealingwiththefalloutof

theirinvolvementinmortgage-backed

securitiesthat,inhindsight,didnotde-

servethehighmarksthatratingsagen-

cieslikeS.&P.hadassignedthem.

AsS.&P.battlesaccusationsaboutits

conductbeforethecrisis,industrypar-

ticipantssayithasonceagainbeen

movingtocapturebusinessbyoffering

NEWYORK

Radicalchoicesprovokeboos

anddroppedjawsatBayreuth

BYNATHANIELPOPPER

TheWallStreetratingsgameisback.

Fiveyearsafterinflatedcreditrat-

ingshelpedtouchofftheglobalfinancial

crisis,thelargestratingsagency,Stan-

dard&Poor’s,iswinningbusinessagain

byofferingmorefavorableratings.

S.&P.hasbeengivinghighergrades

thanitsbigrivalstocertainmortgage-

backedsecurities,justasWallStreetis

tryingtorevivethemarketforthesein-

vestments,accordingtoananalysis

conductedforTheNewYorkTimesby

CommercialMortgageAlert,whichcol-

lectsdataontheindustry.S.&P.’schase

forbusinessisnotablebecauseitisfight-

ingagovernmentlawsuitaccusingitof

similaractionbeforethefinancialcrisis.

Anyindicationthatoneoftheleading

ratingsagenciesmightbegivinglow-

qualitymortgage-backedsecuritieshigh-

erratingsthansomeexpertssaytheyde-

servewouldbedisturbing,giventhedis-

Germandirectorresponsibleforthis

confoundingconcept,tookthestagewith

hisproductionteam,almosttheentire

audience,itseemed,eruptedwithloud,

prolongedboos.Itwentonfornearly10

minutes,bymywatch,becauseMr.

Castorf,62,whohasbeenrunningthe

Volksbühne(People’sTheater)ofBerlin

since1992,stoodsteadfastonstage,his

armsfoldedstiffly.Hesometimesjabbed

afingerattheaudience,essentiallydefy-

ingthecrowdtokeepitcoming.

Atonepoint,KirillPetrenko,thecon-

ductorofthe‘‘Ring,’’andtheheroofthe

week,steppedouttotrytoescortMr.

Castorfandhiscolleaguestothesides.

Mr.Petrenkowantedthecurtaintogo

BAYREUTH,GERMANY

BYANTHONYTOMMASINI

Ithasbecomealmostanexpectedpart

oftheBayreuthFestivaltraditionthat

theaudiencebooswhenthedirectorofa

radicalnewproductiontakesacurtain

call.Butthereisbooing,andthenthere

isthekindofdemonstrationthat

happenedhereonWednesdaynightat

theendof‘‘Götterdämmerung.’’Theoc-

casionwasthefourth,andfinal,install-

mentofthefestival’snewproductionof

Wagner’s‘‘Ring,’’themostanticipated

eventoftheinternationalcelebrations

forWagner’sbicentennial.

WhenFrankCastorf,theavant-garde

BAYREUTHFESTIVAL

In‘‘Siegfried,’’thesetfeaturedatrailerparkinfrontofaversionofMountRushmore

onwhichtheU.S.presidents’faceshavebeenreplacedbyMarx,Lenin,StalinandMao.

BAYREUTH,PAGE3

RATINGS,PAGE16

WORLDNEWS

Ofprideandmisogyny

Britishbankersneverdreamedthat

choosingJaneAustentogracea£10note

wouldleadtovitriolonTwitter. PAGE3

BUSINESS

Greecefacingacashgap

TheInternationalMonetaryFundhas

warnedthatapersistentrecessionand

thegovernment’sfailuretoaccelerate

overhaulsmightcreatean¤11billion

holeinGreece’sfinancesoverthenext

twoyears.Theconcernswereexpressed

inareportasGreecereceived¤4billion

inaidlateWednesday. PAGE13

E.C.B.chiefslightlyoptimistic

TheEuropeanCentralBankpresident

saidtheeurozonehadstabilizedbutits

fragileeconomicstatemeantthatany

decisiontoraiseinterestrates,nowata

record0.5percent,wasstillalongway

off.Separately,theBankofEngland

alsoleftitsrateunchanged. PAGE13

Adeathinrealtime,viaTwitter

TheInternetenabledaradioshowhost

tocelebratehismotherandmournher

inrealtime,capturingtheattentionofa

significantportionofthesocial-media

worldfordaysandcreatingthesense

thatanonlinecommunitywas

collectivelygrievingwithhim. PAGE14

VIEWS

NicholasD.Kristof

Afewrecentincidentshave

underscoredwhyapushongender

equityisn’tjustamindlessfadandwhy

it’snotprimarilyaboutpolitical

correctness. PAGE7

ThefragmentingMiddleEast

TheviolentpolarizationoftheMiddle

EastisdestroyingthehopesoftheArab

Spring,andtheWestbadlyneedsto

rethinkitsstrategyintheregion,

Jean-MarieGuéhennowrites. PAGE6

Anewabortiondebatetactic

AbortionopponentsintheU.S.gain

groundinseekingtobantheprocedure

20weeksafterconception. PAGE5

COMINGTHISWEEKEND

Storytellingdynasty

StephenKing,masterofhorror,married

awriter.Theirchildrenwrite.Oneof

themmarriedawriter.Sowhatdothey

talkaboutaroundthedinnertable?

GibraltarloathtocutU.K.in

OfficialsinGibraltararecryingfoul

overaBritishplantoimposea15

percenttaxonbetsmadeonthe

territory’sInternetgamblingsites.

PETEMULLERFORTHENEWYORKTIMES

Electiondispute ZimbabweanscheckingavotecountinEpworth.Themainchal-

lengertoPresidentRobertMugabecalledtheballotinga‘‘farce’’onThursday. PAGE4

FORSUBSCRIPTIONINFORMATION,CALL:

0080044487827

ore-mailusatsubs@iht.com

NEWSSTANDPRICES

France¤3.00

INTHISISSUE

No.40,556

Books9

Business13

Crossword11

Culture8

Sports10

CURRENCIES

STOCKINDEXES

NewYork,ThursdaY1:30pm

ThursdaY

t euro €1= $1.3210 $1.3300

t pound £1= $1.5130 $1.5210

t Yen $1= ¥99.260 ¥97.860

t s.Franc $1= sF0.9360sF0.9260

s Thedow1:30pm15,611.90 +0.72%

s FTse100close 6,681.98 +0.92%

s Nikkei225close 14,005.77 +2.47%

AlgeriaDin175 IvoryCoastCFA2.500

Andorra¤3.00 MoroccoDh25

Antilles¤3.00 SenegalCFA2.500

CameroonCFA2.500 TunisiaDin3.900

GabonCFA2.500 Reunion¤3.50

OIL

NewYork,ThursdaY1:30pm

s Lightsweetcrude $107.58 +$2.93

FullcurrencyratesPage16

....

2 | FRIDAY,AUGUST2,2013

INTERNATIONALHERALDTRIBUNE

pagetwo

Tryingtoget

moreeyeson

SouthSudan

betweentwotribes,theLouNuerand

theMurle,therearereportsofattacks

onciviliansbytroopsfromtheSudan

People’sLiberationArmy,whichbegan

asaguerrillaforcefightingforSouth

Sudan’sindependenceandisnowthe

country’sarmy.

Jonglei,Ms.Smithsaid,‘‘hasallthe

characteristicsoftherestofSouthSu-

dan.Theproblemnowisyouhavetri-

baltension,alotofhistoryofbadblood,

andarebellionontopofit.’’

TheUnitedStatesandotherWestern

nationshavepouredbillionsofdollars

intoSouthSudan,beforeandafterthe

referendum,totrytoturnadestitute

land,withoilreservesbutalonghis-

toryofviolenceandlittleinthewayof

institutions,intoaviablecountry.

Theadministrationhasstronglysup-

portedtheSouthSudangovernment,

whichisledbySalvaKiir,aleaderof

theSudanPeople’sLiberationArmy.

ButnowPresidentKiirishimselfa

problem:Lastweek,hedismissedhis

vicepresident,whohadthreatenedto

challengehimforhisparty’sleadership

beforeelectionsin2015,andhisentire

cabinet.

OnJuly26,SecretaryofStateJohn

KerrytelephonedMr.Kiirtodeliver

whatamountedtoaraponthe

knuckles.Hewarnedthepresidentthat

heshouldformanewgovernment

quickly,stoptheethnicclashesin

Jongleiandcrackdownonsoldiersin

theSudanPeople’sLiberationArmy

whoarefoundguiltyofhumanrights

abuses.

NotingthathehadtraveledtoSudan

towitnessthereferendum,Mr.Kerry

saidinastatement:‘‘Toomuchsacri-

ficehasbeenmadetoseethateffortgo

backward.Theworldiswatchingtosee

ifSouthSudanpursuesthepathof

peaceandprosperity,orthetragicpath

ofviolenceandconflictthathascharac-

terizedmuchofitspast.’’

TheNationalSecurityCouncilhas

heldregulardeputy-levelmeetingsto

determinehowtheUnitedStates

shouldrespond,bothtotheescalating

violenceinJongleiandthegovernance

problems.PresidentBarackObama,

theysaid,hasbeenbriefedaboutthe

crisis.

Intheshortterm,officialsarefo-

cusedontryingtogetreliefsuppliesto

thedisplacedpeople.Jonglei,whichis

thesizeofBangladesh,hasfewroads,

andthoseareimpassableafterheavy

rains.Thatmeansemergencyaidmust

beairliftedintotheregion.TheUnited

Nations’WorldFoodProgramisseek-

ing$20milliontoleasehelicopters.

AnothermajorobstacleisthatU.N.

peacekeepersinSouthSudanarereluc-

tanttogotoJongleibecauseinApril,

fiveU.N.employeesandfiveIndian

peacekeeperswerekilledthereinan

ambushbyarmedmentheSouthSu-

danesedescribedasanti-government

rebels.Fivemonthsbeforethat,the

SouthSudanesemilitaryshotdowna

U.N.helicopter—byaccident,accord-

ingtolocalofficials.

Asabigprovideroffinancialassist-

ance,theUnitedStateshasconsider-

ableleverageovertheSouthSudanese

government.Italsohasswayoverhow

theWorldBankandInternationalMon-

etaryFundtreatthecountry.Buthav-

inglaboredforyearstonurturedemoc-

racyinSouthSudan,theWhiteHouse

isloathtoturnagainstit.

‘‘They’reveryworriedthatthey’re

goingtohavetodoamajorpolicy

shift,’’saidSarahMargon,theacting

WashingtondirectorofHumanRights

Watch.‘‘They’retryingtofigureout

howtobalanceaverytrickysituation

inawaythatdoesn’tendupbeinga

majorfailforthem.’’

Letterfrom

Washington

MARKLANDLER

WhentheNationalSecurityCouncil,

themostbuttoned-uppartofa

buttoned-upObamaadministration,is

aggressivelytryingtogetthewordout

aboutaviolent,murkyconflictinadis-

tantland,it’sworthlisteningto.It’s

alsoworthasking,whysingleoutthis

crisis?

Suchisthecasewiththeethnicand

tribalclashesthatareripplingthrough

aremote,sprawlingpartofSouthSu-

danknownasJongleiState.Adminis-

trationofficialssaytheyaredeeply

concernedabouttheviolence,allthe

moresobecausethereissolittlereli-

ableinformationcomingoutofaregion

thatisinaccessibleinthebestoftimes.

Ratherthanmonitoreventsquietly

fromtheirofficesintheOldExecutive

OfficeBuilding,astheydowithmore

widelypublicizedconflictsliketheone

inSyria,seniorN.S.C.officialshavein-

vitedinhumanitarianandadvocacy

groupsforbriefings.Theyhavewritten

blogitems.Andtheyhavediscussed

theirfearswithU.S.andforeignjourna-

lists.

‘‘Morethan100,000peoplehavebeen

displaced,’’saidGrantT.Harris,senior

directorforAfricanaffairsatthecoun-

cil.‘‘Theinternationalcommunity

doesn’tknowwherethesepeopleare.’’

Officialsdescribeadesperatesitu-

ationinwhichtensofthousandsof

PHOTOGRAPHSBYISAACBREKKENFORTHENEWYORKTIMES

LasVegasBoulevardlastmonth.Anewinfluxoftourists,youngerandlessdevotedtogambling,arelikeliertoopentheirwalletsforextravagantlypricednightclubsanddayclubs.

AfragilereboundinLasVegas

LASVEGAS

Citygetsmorevisitors,

buttheyspendlessas

gamblingrevenuefalls

BYADAMNAGOURNEY

Whenthelastrecessionbatteredthe

UnitedStates,thebottomfelloutinLas

Vegas.Oneofeverysixjobsvanished.

Homepricesdroppedasmuchas50per-

cent.Constructionprojectsstoppedin

place,andtouristspendingontheLas

VegasStrip,theeconomicdriverofthe

city,wentintoanalarmingslide.

Thesedays,jobsareback,thehousing

marketisbustling,andpeoplearemov-

ingback.Thenumberofvisitorshitare-

cordlastyear.Foranyoneseekingevi-

dencethat theUnitedStateshas

survivedthisrecession,looknofarther

thanthesidewalksofLasVegas

Boulevard,wherepeoplewereshoulder

toshouldertheotherdayevenas

alreadyhightemperaturesrosesteadily.

ButtherecoveryinLasVegas—

muchliketheoneliftingthenation—is

shapingupasfragileandtentative,stir-

ringconcernamongeconomistsand

manyoftheregion’sbiggestboosters.

Anditissignalingwhatappearstobea

fundamentalreorderingoftheeconomy

inacloselywatchedpartofthecountry.

Morethan39.7millionvisitorscame

toLasVegasin2012,arecord.Butthose

visitorsspentnotablylesspertripthan

duringthelastupturn—$1,021pervisit

lastyear,comparedwith$1,318spentby

eachofthe39.2millionvisitorsin2007,

accordingtotheLasVegasConvention

andVisitorsAuthority—asoberingas-

teriskthathasledmanyanalyststocon-

cludethatthehigh-rollingcityisenter-

ingalessprosperousera.

Thetotalrevenuefromgamblingand

entertainmentotherthangamblingwas

$15.3billionin2012,$500millionless

thanwasspentin2007.

‘‘TheStripisabsolutelypacked—

downtownispacked,’’saidDavidG.

Schwartz,thedirectoroftheCenterfor

GamingResearchattheUniversityof

Nevada,LasVegas.‘‘Peoplearehere.

Buttheyaren’tspendingasmuchas

theyusedto.’’

Ashiftinthestructureoftheeconomy

thatbeganaboutadecadeagoappears

tohaveaccelerated.Gamblingisno

longerking.Anewinfluxoftourists,

youngerandlessdevotedtogambling,

arelikeliertoopentheirwalletsforex-

travagantlypricednightclubsandday

clubs,whichhavejoinedconcertsand

musicalshows,high-endrestaurants,

luxuryshoppingandsomeofthemore

exotictypesofentertainmentthecityis

renownedforoffering.

FromtheMandarinOrientalHotel’s

23rd-floorbar,withitsdesertviewsand

$18specialtycocktails,thenewbuild-

ing-sizedigitalbillboardsthatloomover

theStripflashedoutadvertisementson

arecenteveningnotfortheslots,butfor

Tiesto,theD.J.playingatHakkasan,a

nightclubwherereservingatablefor

thenightcancost$10,000andmore.

‘‘Gamingwentdownmorethantotal

visitorspending,byagreaterpercent-

age,’’saidStephenP.A.Brown,thedi-

rectoroftheCenterforBusinessand

EconomicResearchattheuniversity.

‘‘Thevisitorswhohavecomebackare

hereforclubsandshopping.They’re

buyingswimsuitstogotothedayclubs

andeveningclothestogotothe

nightclubs.That’sthebiggrowth.’’

‘‘Ithinkwhat’sgoingonhereiswe’re

ANDREEACAMPEANU/REUTERS

MembersoftheLouNuertribe,whichisin

alongfeudwiththeMurleinSouthSudan.

peoplearehidinginswamps,without

food,waterormedicine—fearfulofre-

turningtotheirvillagesbecauseofat-

tacksbyrivaltribesorevensoldiers

whoaresupposedtobeprotecting

them.

‘‘We’vegotalltheingredientsfora

conflictthatcouldgetmuchworsevery

quickly,’’saidGayleSmith,thesenior

directorforglobaldevelopmentandhu-

manitarianissuesattheN.S.C.

Theirimmediategoal,officialssay,is

toputanobscureconflictontheworld’s

radarscreenbeforeitmutatesintoa

humanitariantragedy.Buttheyare

alsoworkingtopreserveoneofthe

Obamaadministration’sfewundis-

putedachievementsinAfrica:the2011

referendumthatsplitSouthSudanoff

fromSudanandcreatedanewnation.

TheviolenceinJonglei,SouthSu-

dan’slargestandmostpopulousstate,

threatenstodestabilizethecountryand

tatterthecredibilityofitsfledgling,

U.S.-backedgovernment.

Inadditiontotheperennialfeuding

LasVegashasalonghistoryoffindingnewwaystobringinnewconsumersandtoenticethemtopartwithlargesumsofmoney.

while,adrivearoundClarkCounty

meantabluroffor-salesigns,tractsof

half-builthousingprojectsandshuttered

businesses.LasVegasbecamethevery

symbolofwhatwentwrongwiththe

economy,startingwiththecollapseof

housingandconstruction.

Butthecranesandworkersareback.

Constructionwasbustlingtheotherday

onthesiteoftheoldSaharaHotelfora

renovationoftheSLSLasVegas,ahigh-

endhotel,onwhatisnowtherelatively

barrennorthendoftheStrip.Billboards

promisenewnightclubs,restaurants,

luxuryshoppingand1,600rooms.Work,

whichhaddroppedoffforawhile,has

pickedupatthesiteoftheSandsHotel,

whichwasalsodemolished,andsome

oldcasinoshaveclosedtomakewayfor

smaller,lessgaudyboutiquehotels.

UnemploymentinLasVegaswas9.6

percentinApril,downfrom14.6two

yearsago.In2006,itfellaslowas3.8

percent.

‘‘Overall,ifyoulookatanyofthesta-

tistics,theeconomyhasturned,’’said

JeremyA.Aguero,aneconomicanalyst

basedinLasVegas.‘‘Wearenowinthe

topsixstatesintermsofpopulationim-

migration.Weareatthetopofthepack

intermsofnewjobformation.’’

YetevenasMr.Aguerospokehope-

fullyaboutthechangesstatisticswere

showing,hewascareful,hesaid,notto

suggesttherehadbeenthekindofturn-

aroundmanypeoplewerehopingfor.

‘‘Arewebetter?’’hesaid.‘‘Yes.Arewe

good?No.’’

KevinBagger,thedirectorofmarket-

ingfortheLasVegasConventionand

VisitorsAuthority,saiditslateststudies

pinpointedthereasonforconcern.Be-

foretherecession,theaverageconsumer

comingtoLasVegasputaside$650to

spendongambling.Now,hesaid,itis

closerto$480.‘‘Peoplestillarecautious

withtheirspending,’’hesaid.‘‘Thatsaid,

wearethrilledtoseepeoplehere.’’

Mr.Brown,theresearchcenterdirec-

tor,saidhedidnotexpecttoseeareturn

tothelevelsofprosperityofjustafew

yearsago.‘‘Thekindofeconomythat

LasVegassawin2006and2007?’’he

said. ‘‘Weprobablywon’tseethat

again.’’

E-MAIL: pagetwo@iht.com

IN OUR PAGES ✴ 100,75,50YEARSAGO

1913Mrs.StuyvesantFishGivesBall

NEWYORK TheAmericansocietyworld

waspleasurablyexcitedtodayinantici-

pationoftheballtobegiventonight[Aug.

1]atNewportbyMrs.StuyvesantFish.

‘‘Everybodywhoisanybody’’inNewport

willbethereandeveryguestwillrepre-

sentsomecharacterinafamousnursery

rhyme,theonlyexceptionbeingtheAd-

miraloftheFleetandhisofficerswho

maycomedressedinuniformoras‘‘Old

MenoftheSea,’’‘‘FlyingDutchmen’’or

anyotherdisguisetheymayprefer.The

ballwillbethebiggestandmostbrilliant

eventofthesocialseason.Itisroughlyes-

timatedthatthedecorationsandotheref-

fects,includingtheilluminatedfountains

andcharmingcascades,willcost$10,000,

andthemidnightsupperfor300persons,

$5,000,whiletwobands,withsundryin-

cidentals,willrunwellinto$5,000.

theanti-Jewishcampaignwasviewedby

thePope.Itmaybedoubtedwhetherdis-

criminationagainstJewsinstateposts

willberelishedbytheVatican,butthe

dangerofanopenconflictbetweenthe

Churchandthepartyprobablywouldbe

avoided.RobertoFarinacciwrote:‘‘Why

shouldweconsidertheJewsenemiesof

Italyandespeciallythosewhohave

obeyedthelawsofourcountry?They

willbeabletolivefreelyinthenation.

Butnotinthestate.Forty-fourmillion

non-JewishItalianshavearightand

dutytokeepthedelicatenervecentersof

thestateintheirownhands.’’

Wynnisamongthecasinosthathavejoinedinthepromotionofnightclubs,withstar

D.J.’s,butthesurgeinclubgrowthhaspromptedfearsthatanewbubbleisemerging.

seeingashiftawayfromLasVegasas

theonlygamingdestinationinthe

UnitedStatestobeingoneofmanygam-

ingdestinations,’’Mr.Brownsaid.‘‘But

itisholdingupasatouristdestination.’’

In1984,thecity’scasinosaccounted

for59percentofallthemoneycollected

ontheStrip.Lastyear,gamblingmade

upjust36percentoftherevenue.Clark

County,whichincludesLasVegas,took

in$9.4billioningamblingrevenuelast

year,upfromtheyearbeforebutstillfar

shortofthe$10.8billionduringthepeak

yearof2007,accordingtostatisticsfrom

theCenterforGamingResearch.

Beyondtourism,thebase-linestatis-

ticsofeconomicgrowthgivereasonsfor

bothhopeandconcern,analystssaid.

Homepricesjumped15.3percentinthe

LasVegasmetropolitanregionthis

year,accordingtotheStandard&Poor’s

Case-Shillerhomepriceindex,butstill

remain56percentbelowtheirpeakin

2007.Jobsgrewlastyearatarateof2.6

percent,comparedwith1.7percentna-

tionally,butthatisshortofthe3.7per-

centaveragegrowthratepostedduring

theboomyearsof2001through2007.

Therearepotentialproblemsahead.

Manyanalystsarguethatthesuper-hot

housingmarketamounts,yetagain,toa

bubble,andarebracingforanothercol-

lapseinprices.Someofthebiggest

‘‘We’reseeingashiftaway

fromLasVegasastheonly

gamingdestinationinthe

UnitedStates’’

casinoowners,includingMGMResorts

InternationalandCaesarsEntertain-

ment,aresaddledwithdebt.

LasVegashasalonghistoryofrein-

vigoratingitself,offindingnewwaysto

bringinnewconsumersandtoentice

themtopartwithlargesumsofmoney.

Still,thelatestliftprovidedbytheex-

plodingnightclubbusinessistroubling

tolocalofficialswhoviewitaslittle

morethanaflashinthepanandworry

thatthecityisreapingthetemporary

benefitsof,asoneworriedLasVegas

executiveputit,a‘‘clubbubble.’’

‘‘Idon’tknowwheretheseyoung

peoplegetthemoneyforthat—it’sjust

amazing to me,’’ said Chris

Giunchigliani,amemberoftheClark

CountyCommission.‘‘Clubbingisal-

waysgoingtobearound.Butatsome

point,it’slikehowweoverbuilthotel

rooms.They’regoingtolookatthemar-

ketandstarttoscaleback.’’

Consideringthetraumatheregionhas

endured, itishardtominimizethe

psychicliftoftheturnaround.Foralong

1963KennedyWarnsofChinaPeril

WASHINGTON Lookingintothe1970’s,

PresidentKennedyfindsinCommunist

China’smilitantdevelopment‘‘poten-

tiallyamoredangeroussituationthan

anywefacedsincetheendofthesecond

war.’’Mr.Kennedyshotaclearwarning

toPekingthattheUnitedStateswould

carryoutits‘‘commitments’’inAsia.

‘‘Wewouldhope,’’hesaidtoday[Aug.1],

‘‘thattherewouldnotbeaflare-up

whichwouldbringadirectconflict.’’

CommunistChina,afteritsrupturewith

MoscowandthenewSovietflirtation

withtheWestonnucleartesting,hasbe-

havedmenacingly.Itsradiobroadcasts

havebecomemorevituperative,new

borderincidentsinKoreaagainstU.S.

troopshaveoccurred,freshbuildupsof

troopsonIndia’snorthfrontierhave

beenreported,andVietCongraidsin

SouthVietnamarebeingsteppedup.

1938CampaigntoOustJews

ROME Jewswillbeallowedtoremainin

thenation,butnotinthestate,Roberto

Farinacci,extremistexponentofanti-

Semiticideas,declaredyesterday[July

31]inthe‘‘ReginaFascista.’’Thisap-

pearstoforecastacampaigntooust

Jewsfromstatejobswithout,however,

exilingthemfromItaly.Evenso,thisis

animportantmodificationofattitude

comingfromthefanaticalJew-baiting

wingoftheFascistparty.Itindicates

thatagooddealofcoldwatermusthave

beenpouredonthesefieryspirits.This

maybedueinparttoarealizationinhigh

quartersoftheseriousnesswithwhich

KittyBennettcontributedresearch.

AdvertisingInquiries: +33141439206;Fax+33141439212• Printer: ParisOffsetPrint,30,rueRaspail,93120LaCourneuve.

....

FRIDAY,AUGUST2,2013 | 3

THEGLOBALEDITIONOFTHENEWYORKTIMES

WorldNews

europe

Thunderousboos

forradical‘Ring’

youthfulandbrash.Hismuscularvoice

isratherleathery,andhissustained

notestendtowobble.Still,hesingsthis

near-impossiblerolewithenergyand

staminaandmakesthewordscome

alive.Brünnhilde,theEnglishsoprano

CatherineFoster,hasaclear,penetrat-

ingsound.Hersofterphrasessometimes

turnthinandweak.Butwhensheletsgo,

hersingingisincisiveandexciting.

ButMr.Castorfunderminesevery

passionateflourishintheirperformanc-

esduringthiscrucialscene,whichbe-

ginsattheMarxistMountRushmore,

thenmovestoanalmost-reproduction

oftheAlexanderplatz,theSocialist-era

transithubandshoppingcenterinBer-

lin.AsMs.Foster’sBrünnhildevoiced

plaintivethoughtsaboutthejoyand

fearthisnewlovehasstirredinher,Mr.

Ryan’sSiegfriedmopedaround,looking

alreadyboredbyhisfirstexperienceof

alover’sromanticeffusions.

Andsoitgoes.Sometimestheinitial

impressionofasceneiscompelling.In

ActIof‘‘Götterdämmerung,’’thehallof

theGibichungs,aprosperousfamily,is

presentedasatallchemical-workssta-

tion,withneonsignsandadingyware-

houseinterior.Gunther(theearthybari-

toneAlejandroMarco-Buhrmester),the

headofthefamily,sportspunk-blond

hair,whilehismalevolenthalf-brother

Hagen(thegravelly-voicedbutchilling

bassAttilaJun)prefersamohawkcut.

Therehavebeenwholepunk-themed

‘‘Ring’’productions,ofcourse.Still,for

almostthefirsttwoactsof‘‘Götterdäm-

merung,’’Mr.Castorf’sstaginggains

somecoherenceandresonance.

Butthenhehastosabotagethefinal

sceneofActII,whichcentersonBrün-

nhilde,whohasbeenbetrayedby

Siegfried,thoughonlyafterhewas

druggedintoforgettingherandfalling

forGutrune,theGibichungsister.The

BAYREUTH,FROMPAGE1

upsothattheorchestra,whichhadas-

sembledonstageforitsowncollective

bow,aBayreuthritual,couldbeac-

knowledged.Mr.Castorfwouldnot

budge.Sothecurtainwasraised,any-

way,andtheaudiencebrokeintodeaf-

eningcheersdirectedattheseimpres-

sivemusicians,whooverasix-day

periodundertheinsightfulMr.Pet-

renkoplayedanexceptionallyglowing,

sumptuousandnuancedperformance

ofWagner’s‘‘Ring’’intheacoustically

sublimehousethecomposerdesigned.

The‘‘Ring,’’atoweringachievement

intheperformingarts,isatouchstone

foranyoperahouseanddirector,butob-

viouslyholdsaspecialplacehere.The

mythologicalworldWagnercreatedin

thesefourepicoperashasmadethe

cycleespeciallyfertileforhigh-minded,

high-concept directors (including

RobertLepageattheMetropolitanOp-

era)—andfortheclosescrutinyofthe

legionsof‘‘Ring’’fanswhotravelthe

earthforitsperformances.

AsIwroteinmyreviewofthefirst

twoinstallments,‘‘DasRheingold’’and

‘‘DieWalküre,’’Mr.Castorfpresents

the‘‘Ring’’asametaphoricalstoryof

theglobalquestforoil,withtheresult-

ingeraofwar,oppression,corporate

greedandenvironmentaldestruction.

ButMr.Castorfdidnotfollowthrough

withthisthemeveryconsistently.

Inthefirstactof‘‘Siegfried,’’which

openedonMonday,Mr.Castorfandthe

setdesigner,AleksandarDenic,playfully

evokethebattleoverenergythatwasa

majorcomponentofthecoldwar.The

settingissupposedtoshowtheforest

dwellingwhereMime, theNibelung

dwarf,hasraisedtheorphanedSiegfried

intobrawnyyoungmanhood.Here

Mime’shomeisatrailer-parkcampsite

infrontofastunningscenicriffonMount

Rushmore:ThefacesoftheAmerican

presidentshavebeenreplacedbyMarx,

Lenin,StalinandMao.Butoftentheoil

questimageryjustseemsslappedon,lit-

erally:fornoclearreasons,singers

smearoneanotherwithcrudeoil.

Mr.Castorf’sdeeperfault,itseems,

wascynicallytoundercutthemusical

dramaduringsomeofthemostro-

mantic,poignantandheroicscenes.My

earnestattempttobeopen-minded

about thisbaffling‘‘Ring’’almost

founderedforgoodneartheendof

‘‘Siegfried’’when—youcan’tmakethis

up—amonstercrocodileswallowedthe

poorForestBirdinonebiggulp.

Thislastscene,ofcourse,istheec-

staticloveduetbetweenSiegfried,our

rambunctioushero,andthesmitten

Brünnhilde.Inthisproduction,atthe

mostclimacticmomentinthemusic,the

stagerotatedtorevealtwoofthose

monstercrocodilesbusilycopulating.

Lookinghungryaftersex,thesquig-

glingreptiles, their jawsflapping,

headedtowardSiegfriedandBrün-

nhilde,whoweresingingaway.

Asthereptilescrawledcloser,the

ForestBird,presentedhereasanallur-

ingyoungwoman(thesopranoMirella

Hagen),burstuponthestagetosavethe

day.Ofcourse,theForestBirdwasnot

supposedtobeinthisscene,butwho

careswhatWagnerwrote?Thisfetch-

ingForestBirdbravelyfoughtoffone

crocodilebyjabbingapoledownits

throat.Buttheotheroneopenedwide

andswallowedherwhole.Throughout,

SiegfriedandBrünnhildeseemedonly

mildlyconcerned.Butthen, inMr.

Castorf’sstaging,theyalsoseemedonly

mildlyconcernedwitheachother,a

muchbiggerproblem.

Therewasgenuineardor inthe

singingoftheprincipalsduringthis

transformationalduet.Siegfried,theCa-

nadiantenorLanceRyan,lookssuitably

ANDRESKUDACKI/THEASSOCIATEDPRESS

PrimeMinisterMarianoRajoysaidheappearedbeforeParliamentonThursdaytopreventdamagetoSpain’simageasitsstrugglingeconomyshowedsomesignsofimprovement.

RajoytellsParliamenthewon’tresign

tinedonations.Mr.Bárcenashasbeen

inprisonsinceJune,underinvestiga-

tionoverbankaccountsinSwitzerland

andothercountriesthattotaledatleast

¤47million,or$61million.

‘‘Iwaswrong,’’Mr.Rajoy,58,said.‘‘I

regretthis,butthat’sit.Imadeamis-

takebymaintainingmyconfidencein

someonewenowknowdidnotdeserve

it.’’

Astheinvestigationunfolded,Mr.

BárcenasleftastreasurerofMr.Rajoy’s

partyin2009butcontinuedreceivinga

six-figuresalaryfromit.Mr.Bárcenas’s

versionofeventshasvaried,buthehas

toldajudgethathecollectedmillionsin

cashdonationsfromconstructionmag-

natesanddistributedthemtosenior

partyfigures,includingMr.Rajoy.

Mr.Rajoydeniedthoseallegations,

sayingtheywerepartofacalculatedle-

galstrategyforMr.Bárcenasand

addingthatincourt‘‘witnesseswillnot

beabletoliebeforeajudge.’’

ItwasthefirsttimeMr.Rajoyhasad-

mittederrorsincedisclosuresinJanu-

arythatMr.Bárcenashadhidden

moneyinSwissbankaccounts.

Mr.Rajoy’sappearancecameinthe

sameweekthatthesecretarygeneralof

hisparty,MaríaDoloresdeCospedal,

wasorderedbythecourttoanswer

questionsaboutallegationsthatshere-

ceivedsecretbonusesfromMr.Bárcen-

astoaugmenthersalary.Thecourt,

whichisexaminingtheaccountant’s

elaboratefinances,hasalsodemanded

testimonyonAug.14bytwoother

formersecretariesgeneral.

Inhisspeech,Mr.Rajoysaidcorrup-

tionwasnotsystemicinhispartybut

wasareflectionoftheactsofindividu-

als.HesaidhehaddecidedtofacePar-

liamentontheissuetopreventdamage

toSpain’simageasitsstrugglingecono-

myshowedsomesignsofimprovement,

likeincreasedtourism.

Forfouryears,hesaid,hebelieved

thatMr.Bárcenaswasinnocent,untilthe

momentofthediscoveryofsecretbank

accountsinSwitzerland.TheSwissau-

thoritieshavesaidSpanishinvestigators

delayedpressingfortheinformation.

‘‘Thishasbeenmyroleinthisstory,’’

Mr.Rajoysaid.‘‘DidImakeamistaketo

trustaninadequateperson?Yes.’’

Theoppositionwasnotswayed.Al-

fredoPérezRubalcaba,leaderofthe

mainoppositionparty, theSocialists,

addressedParliamentafterMr.Rajoy

andassertedthatthePopularPartyhad

wonelectionsover20yearsthrougha

systemofillegalfinancing.

‘‘EverySpaniardknewthatthetreas-

urerwasafiscaldelinquent,’’Mr.Rubal-

cabasaid,‘‘andyetthepresidentofthe

governmentcontinuedtosendhimaf-

fectionatetextmessages.Theoptionis

notwhethertobelieveMr.Bárcenasor

Mr.Rajoy,butwhethertobelieveliesor

facts.Thefactsarejustthewaythey

seemtobe.Ifyoudon’trespectthePar-

liament,atleastrespecttheintelligence

ofSpaniards.’’

Headded,‘‘Youmustgo,Mr.Rajoy.’’

MADRID

FrankCastorf’sdeeperfault

wascynicallytoundercutthe

musicaldramaduringsomeof

themostpoignantscenes.

Spain’sleadersayserror

wasmisplacedtrust,not

toleratingcorruption

BYDOREENCARVAJAL

Spain’sembattledprimeminister,Mari-

anoRajoy,madealong-awaitedappear-

ancebeforelawmakersonThursday

morningtofendoffdemandsforhis

resignationoversystemiccorruptionin

hisgoverningpartyandtodeclarethat

hehaderredbytrustinganaccountant

nowjailedformillionsofeuroshiddenin

Swissbankaccounts.

Mr.Rajoy,inanhourlongspeechina

crowdedSenate,triedtocounterallega-

tionsthattheaccountant,LuisBárcen-

as,hadpresidedoversecretaccounts

forthegoverningPopularPartywhen

hewasitstreasurer,handingoutenvel-

opesofcashtopoliticiansfromclandes-

bitterBrünnhildeplotswithHagento

takerevenge.

First,however,Ms.Fosterscurried

upastairwaytoconsultahairy-chested

man,whowheelsababycarriagedown

thestairs,spillingitscontents—pota-

toes—everywhere.Atleasttheylooked

likepotatoes.Ifyouareexpectingmeto

explainthis,orWotan’sbeingorallyser-

viced—oneRhinemaidensuckingoil

offthefingerofanotherastheylook

longinglyintoeachother’seyes,Iam

sorrytodisappointyou.

Thesingersgivetheiralltowhat

musthavebeenaperplexingassign-

ment,especiallytheformidablebari-

toneWolfgangKochasavolatileWan-

derer(Wotan) in‘‘Siegfried.’’Two

standoutsarethetenorBurkhardUl-

rich,asnarlingandwily,yetbookish

andbespectacledMime,andthesop-

ranoAllisonOakes,whobroughta

warmvoiceandsympathytoGutrune.

Thereareimagesthatwillstaywith

me,especiallysomeofthevideosof

singersinclose-uptakenbyacrewthat

followsthemaround.Nowandthen,Mr.

Castorfhadmethinkingfreshlyabout

darkorfoolishaspectsofWagner’schar-

acters.Buttheentitlementandhostility

thatMr.Castorfconveyedwhilestaring

downthebooingBayreuthaudience

seemedrevealing:thiswasadirector

whowantedtogetareaction.Hegotit.

RaphaelMindercontributedreporting

fromGeneva.

BRIEFLY

Europe

Ofpride,prejudiceandTwitter

thenreleasedonbail.Policeofficersin

theLondonboroughofCamdeninvesti-

gatingtheabuseagainstMs.Criado-

PerezsaidtheTwitterattacksappeared

toinvolveseveralpeoplepostinganony-

mously,orso-calledtrolls.

Whatisperhapsmoststrikingabout

thisreaction,saidCaitlinMoran,acolum-

nistforTheTimesofLondonandauthor

ofthe2011feministmanifesto‘‘Howtobe

aWoman,’’ishowlittleittooktosetitoff.

‘‘Ifevenasmallthinglikethis,anice

middle-classdebateaboutputtingJane

Austen’spictureontheoppositesideof

abanknotefromthequeencausesa

stormofabuselikethis,whatwillhap-

penwhenwegettothebiggerissues?’’

shesaidinatelephoneinterview.

Herselfafrequenttargetofabuseon

Twitter,Ms.Moranislobbyingtomake

thisSundaya‘‘trolliday’’—aholiday

fromTwittertrolls—urgingusersto

boycottTwitterfor24hourstoprotest

whatsheperceivesasalackofrespons-

ivenesstothecyberharassment.

Twitterhaspledgedtocreateanew

buttontoreportabusivecomments.But

thecompanyhascomeunderpressure

from64,000signersofanonlinepetition

todomore,showinghowthesametech-

nologythatexposedpeopletotheabuse

hasgiventhemtoolstocombatit.

‘‘Itisjustasessentialthatinseeking

toenhanceourfreedomswedonotin

factdiminishthem,’’TanyaGoldwrote

inacolumnforTheGuardian.She

warnedagainstaskingsocialnetwork-

ingsitesto‘‘policeourdebate,’’suggest-

ingthat‘‘misogynistsonTwittershould

beshamedratherthancriminalized.’’

Iffeministshavebeensurprisedat

theforceofthereaction,sohaveem-

ployeesoftheBankofEngland,anecon-

omistatthebanksaidonconditionof

anonymity.Theeconomistwasnotau-

thorizedtospeakpublicly.answerJane

Austenwaspickedpreciselybecauseof

herbroadappeal.Shewasnotafeminist

symbolandnobodyhadforeseenthat

selectingherwouldignitecontroversy.

‘‘Shehasawidepopularandavaried

politicalappeal,’’saidDevoneyLooser,

aprofessorofEnglishatArizonaState

UniversityandanAustenspecialist.

‘‘Unlikesomeone likeEmmeline

Pankhurst,it’smoredifficulttoslotAus-

tenpolitically.She’sembracedbycon-

servativesandprogressivesboth.’’

LONDON

IdeaofAusten’simage

on£10noteeruptsinto

vitriolonsocialmedia

MOSCOW

Russiapledgestoapplylaw

ongayprotestsatOlympics

Russiawillenforceanewlawcracking

downongayrightsactivismduringthe

2014WinterOlympicsinSochi,Sports

MinisterVitalyL.MutkosaidThurs-

day,appearingtocontradictassur-

ancestothecontraryfromtheInterna-

tionalOlympicCommittee.

PresidentVladimirV.Putinsigned

thelawinJune,imposingfinesonindi-

vidualsaccusedofspreading‘‘propa-

gandaofnontraditionalsexualrela-

tions’’tominorsandproposing

penaltiesforthosewhoexpressthese

viewsonlineorinthenewsmedia.Gay

prideralliesarealsobanned.

‘‘Anathleteofnontraditionalsexual

orientationisn’tbannedfromcomingto

Sochi,’’Mr.Mutko,toldthestatenews

agencyRIANovosti.‘‘Butifhegoesout

intothestreetsandstartstopropa-

gandize,thenofcoursehewillbeheld

accountable.’’ (AP)

BYKATRINBENNHOLD

Itbeganasagenteelcampaignfeatur-

ingperioddramacostumesandpolite

openletterstoassurethatBritishbank

noteswouldcontinuetocarryimagesof

women.

Itendedupasafiercenationaldebate

overmoney,power,rapethreatsandthe

limitsoffreespeechintheeraofsocial

media.

ThisbeingBritain,italsofeatured

JaneAustenasacentralcharacter.

ThreemonthsagoCarolineCriado-

Perez,abloggerandco-founderofthe

Women’sRoomWebsiterealizedthat

theremightsoonbenowomen,save

QueenElizabethII,leftonBritishbank

notes.Amongthefivehistoricalfigures

featuredonthenotes,onlyone,theso-

cialreformerElizabethFry,wasawom-

an,andshewastobereplacedsoonby

WinstonChurchill.

Surely,Ms.Criado-Perezargued,

therewereenoughwomenofstaturein

Britishhistorytofindatleastonemore?

IncasetheBankofEnglandlackedin-

spiration,sheledagroupofcampaign-

ersdressedupasthesuffragistEm-

melinePankhurst,thenovelistGeorge

Eliot(bornMaryAnneEvans)and

Boadicea,theCelticwarriorqueenwho

foughtRomaninvadersin60A.D.

Ms. Criado-Perez hand-delivered

pagescontainingmorethan35,000sig-

naturessupportinghercausetothe

bankintheCityofLondon.Andshecol-

lected£13,000,ornearly$20,000, in

donationstomountalegalchallengeif

themenwhoranthebankdidnotre-

spondtothepubliccampaignortothe

2010EqualityActobligingpublicinstitu-

tionstokeepinmindthegoalofgender

equalityinalldecision-making.

Thedepartingcentralbankgovernor,

MervynA.King—fondofpointingout

thatonewomanfeaturesonthebackof

everybillandcoininherkingdom—ap-

pearedtohavelittletimeforthedebate.

ButinJulyhewassucceededbyMark

Therearetwoadditionalperformances

ofWagner’s‘‘Ring’’cycleatthe

BayreuthFestivalinGermanythrough

Aug.27;bayreuther-festspiele.de.

BANKOFENGLAND,VIAEPA

Thecentralbankplanstoreplacetheface

ofCharlesDarwinwiththatofJaneAusten.

Carney,aCanadianandthefirstnon-

Britontorunthebankinits319-yearhis-

tory.Mr.Carneyseizedtheopportunity

tomakeagesture.

Sayingthatithadalwaysbeenthe

bank’sintentiontoincludeawomanin

theline-upofhistoricalcharacters,he

pickedanuncontroversialone:from

2017Austen,theauthorof‘‘Prideand

Prejudice’’and‘‘SenseandSensibility’’

willreplaceCharlesDarwinonthe£10

note.Mr.Carneythenvowedtoreview

thewholeprocessofchoosingbanknote

characters.

Ms.Criado-Perezsaiditwas‘‘abril-

liantdayforwomen.’’

Butonthesameday,harshlynegative

commentarystartedappearingonTwit-

ter,atrickleofabusethatatonepoint

AIX-EN-PROVENCE,FRANCE

Kazakhdissidentistold

thathefacesextradition

AFrenchjudgeonThursdaytold

MukhtarAblyazov,adissidentKazakh

oligarchaccusedofembezzlingmore

than$5billioninKazakhstan,thathe

facedextraditionashisfamilyvowed

tofightwhatitcalledapoliticallydriv-

enexpulsion.

Mr.Ablyazov,50,acriticofNursultan

A.Nazarbayev,Kazakhstan’spresident,

hasbeenincustodyinFrancesincehis

arrestonWednesdaynearCannes.His

wifeanddaughterweredeportedfrom

ItalytoKazakhstanlastmonth.

Mr.Ablyazov,whodeniesthe

charges,wasarrestedunderawarrant

issuedbyUkraineandwillprobablyto

besentthere,thelocalprosecutor’sof-

ficesaid.HecannotbeextraditedtoKa-

zakhstanbecauseitisnotpartofa

CouncilofEuropeextraditionconven-

tion. (REUTERS,AP)

Anewspapercolumnist

suggestedthat‘‘misogynists

onTwittershouldbeshamed

ratherthancriminalized.’’

ENRICONAWRATH/BAYREUTHFESTIVAL/EUROPEANPRESSPHOTOAGENCY

MirellaHagen,theGermansoprano,rehearsingtheroleoftheForestBird.Inthefourth

installmentofthisproductionofthe‘Ring,’shefendsoffandtheniseatenbyacrocodile.

grewintoashowerofcrudeandexplicit

rapethreatsagainstMs.Criado-Perez

atarateofnearlyonepostaminute.By

thisweek,severalotherwomenwho

hadbackedhercampaign,includingat

leastonememberofParliament,had

alsobeentargeted.

‘‘Iwillrapeyoutomorrowat9P.M.,’’

readoneofthefewprintablethreatsby

aTwitteruserwiththehandle@rapey1,

saidStellaCreasy,aLaborandCo-oper-

ativePartylegislatorfromnortheastern

London. ‘‘Shallwemeetnearyour

house?’’

A21-year-oldmanwasarrestedand

....

4 | FRIDAY,AUGUST2,2013

INTERNATIONALHERALDTRIBUNE

worldnews europeafricamiddleeast

Russiagives

asylumto

Snowden

forayear

U.N.orders

Congorebels

todisarmor

faceassault

SNOWDEN,FROMPAGE1

theUnitedStatescouldbereached,ac-

cordingtoofficialsinWashingtonand

Moscow.

OneofMr.Putin’saides,YuriV.Ush-

akov, saidonThursdaythatMr.

Snowden’sfatewasof‘‘insignificant

character’’andthuswouldnotaffectre-

lations,accordingtothestatenews

agencyRIANovosti.Headdedthatthe

KremlinwasawarethatMr.Obama

mightcancelhistriptoMoscowbuthad

receivednoofficialnotificationfromof-

ficialsinWashington.

Mr.Putin,whospentthedayathisoffi-

cialresidenceontheoutskirtsofMoscow,

meetingwiththepresidentofTajikistan,

learnedofMr.Snowden’sreleaseon

Thursday,accordingtotheKremlin’s

spokesman,DmitriS.Peskov.Headded

thatthedecisionhadbeenmadebyim-

migrationofficialsandnotbyMr.Putin,

thoughitiswidelyassumedherethatany

decisionwithsuchpotentiallyseveredip-

lomaticconsequenceswouldrequireap-

provalfromwithintheKremlin.

‘‘Ithasnothingtodowiththepresi-

dentorhisadministration,’’Mr.Peskov

saidinatelephoneinterview.

TheKremlin,hesaid,continuedtoas-

sumeMr.ObamawouldvisitMoscowto

meetwithMr.Putinafterattendingthe

annualsummitoftheGroupof20nations

inSt.PetersburginearlySeptember.

AndwhileMr.PeskovsaidthatRussia

believedintheimportanceofrelations

forregionalandglobalsecurity,heshif-

tedtheburdenofsustainingtherelation-

shipontotheObamaadministration.

‘‘Youcannotdancetangoalone,’’hesaid.

Mr.Putin,forhispart,hassentcon-

tradictorysignalsduringthecourseof

theSnowdencase,whichbeganeight

weeksagowhenMr.Snowdenwashid-

inginHongKongandthenflewtoMos-

cowonJune23,onestepaheadofanex-

tradition request by the Justice

Department.

TheRussianleadersuggestedearly

onthatMr.SnowdenshouldleaveRus-

siaquicklyandlatercalledhiman‘‘un-

wantedChristmaspresent,’’thoughhe

blamedtheObamaadministrationfor

strandinghiminMoscowbyrevoking

hispassportandpressuringothercoun-

triestoblockanyeffortsbyhimtoseek

exileinEcuador,BoliviaandotherLatin

Americancountriesthathavesaidthey

wouldconsideracceptinghim.

Mr.Snowdencouldstilldecidetoseek

permanentasyluminanothercountry.

Mr.Kucherena, the lawyer,Mr.

Snowdenhadnotofficiallyappliedfor

NAIROBI

BYNICHOLASKULISH

TheUnitedNationshasthreatenedto

forciblydisarmrebelsintheDemocrat-

icRepublicofCongo,anearlytestofthe

robustnewmandateforthemultina-

tionalpeacekeepingcontingentthatin-

cludesgoingontheoffensivethere.

Inanuncharacteristicallystern

warningonTuesday,theUnitedNations

orderedindividualsneartheeastern

cityofGomatoturnintheirweaponsor

bedeemed‘‘animminentthreattocivil-

ians.’’

Iftheyhavenotdisarmedwithin48

hours,thewarningsaid,theywillface

theuseofforcebyanewbrigadeof

troopsgivenresponsibilityforending

theviolenceintheregion—astepbe-

yondprotectingciviliansunderimmi-

nentthreatofattack,thetraditionaljob

ofinternationalpeacekeepers.

TheU.N.forceiscreatingasecurity

zonearoundGoma.Thewarningap-

pliedtoanyonecarryingaweapon,oth-

erthannationalsecurityforces,butap-

pearedtobedirectedatonerebelforce,

theM23Movement.Thewarninggave

allpartiesuntil4p.m.Thursdaytoturn

intheirweapons.

TheU.N.force‘‘willtakeallneces-

sarymeasurestodisarmthem,includ-

ingbytheuseofforceinaccordance

withitsmandateandrulesofengage-

ment,’’thestatementsaid.

Themineral-richareaofeastern

Congohasbeenstuckinacycleofvio-

lenceformorethan15years.Thearea

aroundGomahasbeenthesceneofin-

tensefightingbetweentheCongolese

ArmyandtheM23group.Therebels

capturedandbrieflyoccupiedthecityin

November,ahumiliatingsetbacktothe

Congolesemilitary.

InMarch,theU.N.SecurityCouncil

authorizedanew‘‘interventionbri-

gade’’thatwouldtake‘‘allnecessary

measures’’toprotectcivilians.While

peacekeepingforcesfromtheUnited

Nationshaveoftenbeencriticizedas

toopassive,someobservershavesaid

theyfearthataddinganaggressivenew

forcetothemixcouldleadtoanescala-

tionofviolence.

InastatementonWednesday,Oxfam’s

humanitarianprogramcoordinatorin

Congo,TariqRiebl,saidthattheUnited

Nations’forceshould‘‘proceedwiththe

utmostcautionasitenforcestheircallfor

disarmament’’andthat‘‘theU.N.must

ensurethatitsoperationsdonotmakea

badsituationmuchworse.’’

AccordingtotheUnitedNations,as

manyas70,000peoplehavebeendis-

placedintherecentfighting.Theorgan-

izationaccusedtheM23rebelsofusing

‘‘indiscriminateandindirectfire,in-

cludingbyheavyweapons,resultingin

civiliancasualties.’’

AgroupofexpertsfortheUnitedNa-

tionsaccusedRwandaofcovertlyarm-

ingtheM23rebels,andlastweekthe

UnitedStatescalledforRwandatoend

itssupportforthegroup.Thegovern-

mentinRwandadeniesbackingthe

rebels.

JOSEPHEID/AGENCEFRANCE-PRESSE

Syriancitytakesabattering ThebattleforHomscontinuedthisweek.OnThursday,rocketsslammedintogovernment-helddistricts,settingoffsuccessiveexplosions

inaweaponsdepotthatkilledatleast40people,anoppositiongroupandresidentssaid.Theblastssentahugeballoffireintotheskyandcausedpanic.

Mugaberivalcallsvotea‘farce’

servedtheelection,alsosaidthatthe

electionwasmarredbyseriousprob-

lemsdespitethelackofviolence.

‘‘Weshouldnotjudgethiselectionon

thebasisofpeaceandcalm,’’thegroup

said.‘‘Thereareotherfactorstotakein-

toaccount.’’

Itsaidthatasmanyasamillionurban

votershadbeendisenfranchised,which

wouldhaveaparticularlynegativeim-

pactonthechallengers,sincetheMove-

mentforDemocraticChange’ssupport

baseislargelyinZimbabwe’scities.

Manyherewerecallingthisthemost

pivotalelectionsincethecountryvoted

outwhiterulein1980.Despitefrigidpre-

dawntemperatures,peoplelinedupbe-

forethepollingstationsopenedonWed-

nesday,eagertodecidewhethertoend

orextendthethree-decadetenureofMr.

Mugabe,89,aliberationwarherowho

stillholdsatightgriponthecountry.

ForNyaradzaiMajuru,thechoiceof

howtocastherballotwassimple.Be-

foresheandherhusbandreceivedaplot

oflandthathadbeenseizedfroma

whitefarmerseveralyearsago,they

werepennilesssubsistencefarmerson

ascrapofcommunalland.Now,they

growgreenbeans,sweetpotatoes,to-

matoesandcabbagesthattheysellat

themarket.

‘‘Ourlifeisbetternowbecauseof

PresidentMugabe,’’saidMs.Majuru,

therewasnoneoftheviolenceandin-

timidationthatcharacterizedthedis-

astrous2008presidentialelectionsea-

son,when200peoplediedinastate-

sponsoredcrackdownontheopposition

andothersseenassupportingit.

ThatelectionalsopittedMr.Mugabe

againstMr.Tsvangirai,whowonthe

mostvotesinthefirstroundbutrefused

toparticipateinarunoffbecauseofthe

attacksonhissupporters.Adeal

brokeredbyregionalpowersputthe

tworivalsintoanuneasypower-sharing

agreement,andbotharenowseeking

anoutrightvictorytogovernalone.

‘‘Itisquiteanemotionalmoment

sometimeswhenyouseeall these

peopleafteralltheconflict,thestale-

mate,thesuspicion,thehostility,’’Mr.

Tsvangirai,aformerunionorganizer,

saidWednesdayaftercastinghisballot.

‘‘Ithinkthereisasenseofcalmness

thatfinallyZimbabwewillbeableto

moveonagain.’’

Sporadicproblemswerereportedina

numberofregions.Lineswerelongin

urbanareas,raisingconcernsthatnot

everyonewouldbeabletovoteWednes-

day.ThechallengerssaidtheZimbabwe

ElectoralCommissionhaddeliberately

reducedthenumberofpollingstations

intheirstrongholdstodiscourage

voters,butthecommissiondeniedthe

accusation.

HARARE,ZIMBABWE

Internationalobservers

areurgedtoinvestigate

electioninZimbabwe

BYLYDIAPOLGREEN

MorganTsvangirai,thechallengerto

Zimbabwe’slongtimepresident,Robert

Mugabe,declaredonThursdaythatthe

country’spresidentialelectionhadbeen

a‘‘hugefarce’’andcalleduponinterna-

tionalobserverstoinvestigate.

Mr.Tsvangiraisaidthevotefailedto

meet‘‘internationalstandardsfora

credible,legitimate,freeandfairelec-

tion.’’TheZimbabweElectionCommis-

sionhasnotreleasedofficialelectionre-

sults, but fromthetoneofMr.

Tsvangirai’sstatementitappearedthat

hisparty,theMovementforDemocratic

Change,washeadedfordefeat.

‘‘Inourview,theoutcomeofthiselec-

tionisillegitimate,’’Mr.Tsvangiraisaid

inastatement.‘‘Butmoreimportantly,

theshoddymannerinwhichithasbeen

conductedandtheconsequentillegitim-

acyoftheresultwillplungethiscountry

intoaseriouscrisis.’’

TheZimbabweElectionSupportNet-

work,acoalitionoflocalgroupsthatob-

ALEXANDERJOE/AFP

‘‘Theoutcomeofthiselectionisillegitim-

ate,’’MorganTsvangiraisaid.

27,heryoungestchildtiedtoherback

withablanket.‘‘Isupporthimallthe

way.’’

Butfor40-year-oldElizabeth,ajanit-

oratanagriculturalcollegeinDom-

boshawa,asmallfarmingtown20miles,

or32kilometers,northofHarare,life

hasgrownworseunderMr.Mugabe’s

rule.Hyperinflationwipedouthersav-

ings.Hungergnawedatherfamily.A

luckyfewgotland,butthecountry’s

economywasdestroyed,shesaid,de-

cliningtogiveherlastnameoutoffear

ofreprisalsbythegovernment.

‘‘Weneedchangeinthiscountry,’’

Elizabethsaid.‘‘Wearetiredofthisold

man.’’

InHarare,thecapital,onWednesday,

Thedecision‘‘underminesa

longhistoryoflaw

enforcementcooperation’’

withtheUnitedStates.

permanentpoliticalasyluminRussia

andcouldsimplyremainuntilhewas

abletoflyelsewhere.

Mr.Snowden’sdeparturefromthe

airportonThursdaysetofffrenzied

newsmediaspeculationabouthis

whereabouts—withonespeciousre-

portthathewasheadedtoanotorious

expatriatebarknownastheHungry

Duckthathadinfactclosed.Wherehe

wasorwouldstayremainedunclearon

Thursdayevening.

HispresenceinRussiahasbeen

cheeredbymanyherewho,likethosein

theUnitedStatesandothercountries,

havedefendedhisdecisiontoleakthe

secretsofAmericansurveillance.Ivan

I.Melnikov,aseniorCommunistParty

memberofParliamentandacandidate

formayorofMoscowinnextmonth’s

election,calledhimahero.

‘‘Franklyspeaking,’’Mr.Melnikov

said,accordingtotheInterfaxnews

agency,‘‘heisaalsolikeabalmtothe

heartsofallRussianpatriots.’’

PavelDurov,thefounderofthemost

prominentRussianonlinesocialnet-

work,VKontakte,eveninvitedMr.

Snowdentojoinhiscompanyandhelp

tocreatenewsecuritymeasures.

‘‘Snowdenmightbeinterestedinwork-

ingtoprotectthepersonaldataofmil-

lionsofourusers,’’hewrote.

Beyondthetemporaryrefugeecerti-

ficate,itwasunclearwhethertheRus-

siangovernmentwouldplayanyformal

roleinshelteringMr.Snowden,likepro-

vidinghousing,whichmightbeseenas

afurtheraffronttotheUnitedStates.

WikiLeaksquotedMr.Snowdenas

thankingtheRussians‘‘forgrantingme

asyluminaccordancewithitslawsand

internationalobligations.’’

GovernmentsinEuropehavealsoob-

jectedtothesurveillancepracticesMr.

Snowdenrevealed,RobertSchlegel,a

memberofthecommitteeoninforma-

tionpolicyinParliamentandamember

ofthepro-governmentUnitedRussia

politicalparty,saidinatelephoneinter-

view.

‘‘WillObamacancelmeetingswith

theirleaders,too?’’Mr.Schlegelsaid.

‘‘TheUnitedStatesisagovernment

thatpositionsitselfasfavoringfreedom

ofspeechanddemocracy,andyetit

keepstherestofworldundersurveil-

lance,andnowtherestoftheworld

knows.PeopleinRussiasympathize

withSnowden.Hehadthewillandthe

braverytogoagainsttheMatrix.’’

Berlusconifraudconvictionupheld

ITALY,FROMPAGE1

worksthroughaseriesofoffshore

companiesandfalselydeclaredhow

muchtheypaidinordertoavoidtaxes.

Inaseparatecase,stillpending,Mr.

Berlusconialsofacestrialforpayingfor

sexwithKarimael-Mahroug,aMoroc-

can-bornwomannicknamedRuby

Heart-Stealer,whenshewasstilla

minor,andabusinghisofficetocoverit

up.

Almostalllawmakershandeddefinit-

ivesentenceshavechosentoleavePar-

liamentoftheirownvolitioninorderto

avoidembarrassment.Butthatisnot

Mr.Berlusconi’sstyle.

Incommentspublishedonhisparty’s

Facebookpage,Mr.Berlusconisaidhe

waspreparedtogotoprisonifhewas

convicted,andwouldnotgointoexile

likeBettinoCraxi,Italy’sformerSocial-

istleader,whodiedinexileinTunisia

afteraparty-financescandal that

broughtdowntheItalianpostwarpolit-

icalorderintheearly1990s.

Thursday’srulingonceagainbrought

Mr.Berlusconitotheforeofthenational

conversation,whereheoccupiesfar

morespaceandairtimethanEnrico

Letta,thecurrentprimeminister.So

muchso,that,inadvanceoftheruling,

manyanalystspredictedthatthecourt

wouldfindsomewaytoavoidadecision

thatwouldsendItalyintoapolitical

crisisaftermonthsofgridlockfollowing

inconclusiveelectionsthisyear.

OnThursday,inItaly’sleadingeco-

nomicnewspaper,IlSole24Ore,the

politicalcolumnistStefanoFolliwrote

thatheexpectedthecourttofinda

‘‘compromise’’rulingthatwouldnot

banMr.BerlusconifromParliament,

guaranteeingmorepoliticalstability.

Headdedthatafterweeksinwhich

waitingfortherulinghad‘‘substan-

tiallysuspendedpubliclife’’inItaly,a

compromisecouldbeevenmoredesta-

bilizing,becauseitwouldtakethepres-

sureofftheright-leftcoalition;thecur-

rentgovernmentgrewoutofapolitical

stalematewithamandatetoconfront

Egypttakesanotherstep

inwarningprotesters

securityforcestoendthem.Thedecree

cameaftertheinterimprimeminister

metwithEgypt’smilitarycommander,

Gen.Abdul-Fattahel-Sisi.

Gehadel-Haddad,aspokesmanfor

theMuslimBrotherhood,theIslamist

movementthatbroughtMr.Morsito

power,saidafterthedecreewasissued

Wednesdaythatsomehopeditwasan

emptythreat,giventhatclearingthesit-

inswouldbeperilous,violentwork.

Rightsgroupsdenouncedthedecree

asanewprovocationtoviolence.

‘‘GiventheEgyptiansecurityforces’

recordofpolicingdemonstrationswith

theroutineuseofexcessiveandunwar-

rantedlethalforce,thislatestannounce-

mentgivesasealofapprovaltofurther

abuse,’’AmnestyInternationalsaidina

statementonitsWebsite,callingthede-

creea‘‘recipeforfurtherbloodshed.’’

Theauthoritieshaveportrayedthe

sit-insashotbedsof‘‘terrorism,’’aterm

theyuselooselytodescribetheiroppo-

nents.OfficialshaveaccusedtheIslam-

istsofstoringweaponsandperpetrat-

ingabuses,includingthefataltortureof

atleast14people,inthetwosquares.

TheObamaadministration,which

hasbeenengagedinadelicatebalan-

cingactoverhowtodealwiththeEgypt

crisis,expressedconcernoverthede-

creetoendthesit-ins.Askedaboutitat

adailyStateDepartmentbriefingin

Washington,thedeputyspokeswoman,

MarieHarf,said:‘‘Wehavecontinued

tourgetheinterimgovernmentofficials

andsecurityforcestorespecttheright

ofpeacefulassembly.Thatobviouslyin-

cludessit-ins.’’

OnTuesday, twoRepublicansenat-

ors,LindseyGrahamofSouthCarolina

andJohnMcCainofArizona,frequent

criticsofPresidentBarackObama,said

hehadaskedthemtovisitEgyptnext

weektohelppersuadetheinterimlead-

erstomoveforwardwithnewelections

andaninclusivegovernment.

CAIRO

BYKAREEMFAHIM

ANDMAYYELSHEIKH

TheEgyptianauthoritiesonThursday

warnedtensofthousandsofsupporters

offormerPresidentMohamedMorsito

abandontheirsit-insinwhatwasseenas

thefirststeptowardtheuseofforceone

dayafterthemilitary-backedgovern-

mentorderedthattheprotestsmustend.

Speakingonstatetelevision,anIn-

teriorMinistryspokesmanappealedto

theprotestersto‘‘giveprioritytothein-

terestofthehomeland,tocomplywith

thepublicinterestandtoquicklyleave

andevacuate.’’Theministrypromised

‘‘safeexitandcompleteprotection’’to

allwhocomplied,saidthespokesman,

HanyAbdul-Laatef.

RespondingtotheInteriorMinistry

warning,anallianceofMr.Morsi’ssup-

porterssaidthatthesit-inswerepeace-

fulandwouldcontinueandthatthealli-

ance‘‘placesfullresponsibilityonthe

coupleadersforanyactsofviolenceor

killings.’’

Forweeks,Mr.Morsi’ssupporters

havebeenoccupyingtwosquaresin

Cairo—Rabaaal-AdaweyainNasrCity

andNahdetMisrnearCairoUniversity

—toprotesthisousteronJuly3.

Thesit-inshavebecomeflashpoints

forthebloodiestconfrontationssince

Mr.Morsi’souster,includingthekillings

ofmorethan140ofhisIslamistsupport-

ersbyEgyptiansecurityservices.As

theyhavebecomebetterinstituted,

withstoresandbarbersandeventheir

owntelevisionstation, theencamp-

mentshavebecomepotentsymbolsof

Egypt’simpasse.

OnWednesday,Egypt’sinterimcab-

inetsaidthesit-insweredisruptiveand

represented‘‘athreattotheEgyptian

nationalsecurityandanunacceptable

terrorizingofcitizens’’andorderedthe

PAOLOBONA/REUTERS

SilvioBerlusconiatapoliticalrallyinFebruary.OnThursday,forthefirsttime,the

formerItalianprimeministerreceivedadefinitiveconvictionin20yearsoflegaltangles.

Italy’seconomicemergencybuthas

producedfewresults.

‘‘Thepartialrescueofthemostbur-

densomecharacterinItaly’spolitical

lifecannothaveasaconsequencethe

postponementofthecountry’sprob-

lems,’’Mr.Folliwrote.

Fordays,Mr.Berlusconi’scoreofloy-

alsupportershasbeenupinarms,lam-

bastingtheItalianjudiciaryforwhatit

seesasitsattacksonhim,andsome

membersofParliamentfromhisparty

havehintedthattheywouldleavethe

governmentifhewasconvicted.

Othersseemtobeenjoyingthespec-

tacle.Averdictthatwasupheldwould

be‘‘thedeathofdemocracy,’’Daniela

Santanchè,aformergovernmentoffi-

cialbestknownforherfrequenttelevi-

sionappearancesdefendingMr.Ber-

TherulingbyItaly’shighest

courtcouldupendMr.

Berlusconi’scenter-right

party,PeopleofLiberty.

lusconi,wroteonherTwitterfeed.

Many,evenonhisownlegalteam,

saidtheybelievedthecourtwouldup-

holdthesentenceinsomeform.

ThetrialsinvolvingMr.Berlusconi

haveoftencausedpoliticalturmoil.In

July,membersofMr.Berlusconi’sparty

stormedoutofParliamentandblocked

parliamentaryactivitiesforadayafter

thecourtsetthehearingforthetax

fraudcaseearlierthanexpected.

AndrewRothandNikolayKhalipcon-

tributedreportingfromMoscow,and

MarkLandlerfromWashington.

GaiaPianigianicontributedreporting.

....

FRIDAY,AUGUST2,2013 | 5

THEGLOBALEDITIONOFTHENEWYORKTIMES

unitedstatesasia worldnews

BRIEFLY

Americas

Politician

inJapan

retractsNazi

comments

WASHINGTON

Hagelgivesdireassessment

ofchoicesinPentagoncuts

DefenseSecretaryChuckHagelhas

warnedthatifacross-the-boardbudget

cutsarenotlifted,theUnitedStateswill

havetoreduceitsglobalsecurityobjec-

tivesbytradingawaythesizeofits

armedforcesoritsedgeintechnology.

Inadireassessmentofthefinancial

challengesfacingtheU.S.military,Mr.

HagelsaidWednesdaythatthepolitical

stalematebetweentheWhiteHouse

andCongressoveracomprehensive

dealfortaxesandspendinghasre-

quiredtheDefenseDepartmenttoplan

forarangeofcuts,becauseadealtolift

thebudgetcuts,knownasthese-

quester,remainselusive.

UnderthelargestcutsthePentagon

isconsidering,Mr.Hageldescribeda

trade-off:Themilitary,hesaid,could

maintainitssizebutnotbuythemost

advancednewweapons.Or,hesaid,the

Pentagoncouldshrinktheforceand

putmoneyintothenextgenerationof

weaponry.Mr.Hagelindicatedthatthe

armyandairforcewerelikelytoshrink

regardlessofwhetherthesequester

cutswereliftedorreduced.

TOKYO

Referencetorewriting

Constitutionprovoked

afloodofcriticism

BYMARTINFACKLER

Japan’sfinanceministersaidThursday

thathewasretractingcommentsthat

appearedtocallonthecountry’scon-

servativegovernment toemulate

Hitler’stakeoverofprewarGermany,a

gaffethatunderscoredthepotentialfor

disputesoverJapan’sownwartimehis-

torytoderailitspopularprimeminister,

ShinzoAbe.

Thefinanceminister,TaroAso,in-

sistedthathiscomments,whichhemade

onMondayandinwhichheseemedto

saythatJapanshouldlearnhowthe

NazisquietlyrewrotetheGermanCon-

stitution,hadbeentakenoutofcontext.

Facedwithgrowingcriticismwithin

Japanandabroad,hecounteredthathe

hadnevermeanttopraisetheNazis.

Mr.Asosaidhehadjustwantedtourge

acalmdebateinJapanoverwhetherto

changeitsConstitutionfromapacifist

documenttoonethatallowsafull-

fledgedmilitary,asmanyconservatives

nowseek.

Still,theuproaroverthecomments

byMr.Aso,anoutspokennationalist

whoisalsoknownforslipsofthe

tongue,seemedtoconfirmthefearsof

someJapaneseandotherAsiansthat

membersofMr.Abe’sgovernmentwant

torevisecurrentviewsofWorldWarII

topresentImperialJapan,whichwas

anAxisallyofNaziGermany,inamore

positivelight.

Thegaffewasalsothelatestinastring

ofrecentevents,includingnationalistic

displaysbySouthKoreanandJapanese

fansatamatchbetweentheircountries’

soccerteams,thathaveraisedconcerns

thatdisagreementsoverinterpreting

thewarcouldisolateJapanfromtherest

ofAsia,wheretherearestillbittermem-

oriesofJapan’sempire-buildinginthe

firsthalfofthe20thcentury.

Mr.Aso’scommentscameinaperiod

ofintenseattentiontowhereMr.Abe,

whohaslongbeenaleadingfigureon

Japan’sright,mightleadhislong-rud-

derlessnationafterhisLiberalDemo-

craticParty’sdecisivevictoryinupper

houseelectionslastmonth.Criticshave

speculatedthathemightadoptanation-

alisticagendaliketheonehepursuedin

hisfirsttermasprimeministerseven

yearsago,whenhedrewoutragein

SouthKoreaandeventheUnitedStates

forhisdenialsthatKoreansandwomen

fromotherconquerednationshadbeen

forcedtoserveasprostitutesforJapa-

nesesoldiersduringthewar.

However,Mr.Abehassofarappeared

tosteerclearofsuchhistoricalcontro-

versies,focusinghissecondtermon

RIODEJANEIRO

LawmakersinUruguayvote

forlegalizationofmarijuana

ThelowerhouseofUruguay’sGeneral

Assemblyhasapprovedasweepingbill

tolegalizemarijuana,openingtheway

fortheauthoritiestocreateoneofLatin

America’smostambitiousnationwide

endeavorsinoverhaulingdrugpolicy.

Followinghoursofdebate,theCham-

berofRepresentativesinMontevideo

voted50to46lateWednesdayinfavor

ofthelegislation,whichnowgoestothe

Senate,wherelawmakershaveassured

PresidentJoséMujicathattheyhavea

comfortablemajoritytoapproveit.Mr.

Mujicasupportsthebill,arguingthatit

isneededtoallowtheredirectingofpo-

liceresourcestowardfightingstreet

crimeandsmugglersinvolvedintraf-

fickingothertypesofdrugs.

‘‘Thisisaveryinnovativebill,with

thestatedecidingtoregulatetheentire

chainofproduction,distributionand

accesstothesubstance,’’saidLaura

Blanco,presidentoftheUruguayan

CannabisStudiesAssociation.Under

Mr.Mujica,78,anoutspokenformer

guerrilla,Uruguayhasemergedasa

laboratoryforsociallyliberalpolicies.

Ithasalsoenactedasweepingabortion

rightslaw,movedtolegalizesame-sex

marriageandisseekingtobecomea

centerforrenewableenergyventures.

RENEEJONESSCHNEIDER/STARTRIBUNE,VIATHEASSOCIATEDPRESS

Theydo LauraMcCartyandAmandaTufanoawaitingtheirweddingonThursdayatMinneapolisCityHall,whereMayorR.T.Rybakofficiatedat46same-sexceremonies

startingjustaftermidnight.MinnesotaandRhodeIslandjoinedtheDistrictofColumbiaand11otherstates,includingallthoseinNewEngland,inlegalizingsuchmarriages.

Painastacticinabortiondebate

tional.Buttheyhavealsobeenforcedto

mobilizeagainstpainbillsinstateafter

state,andtheycredittheiropponents

withskillfulmarketing.

‘‘Theselawsarecloakedinthelan-

guageoftwo-weekincrements,rather

thanbanningabortionatconceptionor

othermoreradicalmeasures,’’saidSuz-

anneB.Goldberg,directoroftheCenter

forGenderandSexualityLawat

ColumbiaUniversity.‘‘Theyarecutting

backonwomen’sconstitutionalrights,

butlessdramaticallythansomeother

proposals,sotheytriggerlessalarm

acrosssociety.’’

Inthethreestateswheretheyhave

beenlegallychallengedsofar,thebans

havebeenblockedbycourts.Inthe

thethreatofsuicide.ManyEuropean

countriesregulateabortionwithgesta-

tionallimitsoflessthan20weeks,with

exceptionsforthehealthofthemother.

Withthesebills, theanti-abortion

movementistappingintoapowerful

strandinthecomplex,oftenambivalent

skeinofpublicopiniononabortion.Sup-

portforlegalabortiondropswhenpeople

areaskedaboutthelaterstagesofpreg-

nancy.InaGallupopinionpollinDecem-

ber,61percentsaidabortionshouldbele-

galinthe firstthreemonthsof

pregnancy,but27percentsaiditshould

belegalinthesecondthreemonths,and

only14percentinthefinalthree.

Thatpollstersarenowaskingabouta

20-weeklimitisevidenceofthesuccess

ininjectingthenewthresholdintopub-

licdiscourse,saidMichaelDimock,di-

rectorofthePewResearchCenterfor

thePeopleandthePress.

Byanymeasure,thepracticalimpact

ofa20-weekbanissmallcomparedwith

thepotentiallegalandsymboliceffects.

Inallcasesbutone,inArizona,thefetal

painlawsbarabortionsatthe20thweek

afterfertilization—equaltothe22nd

weeksincethelastmenstrualperiod,

themostcommonwayofdescribing

pregnancy.Theestimateoffetalviabil-

ityataround24weeksisalsotimedfrom

thelastmenstrualperiod.Sotheactual

gapbetweenthetwoapproachesis

abouttwoweeks,involvingseveralthou-

sandabortions,atmost,outofanesti-

mated1.2millionperformedeveryyear.

‘‘Itmaybeasmallnumberofwomenin

thoseweeks,butforeachofthem,itmat-

tersagreatdeal,’’saidNancyNorthup,

presidentoftheCenterforReproductive

RightsinNewYork,notingthatthedis-

coveryoffetalanomalies,whichoften

comesinthesecondtrimester,isacom-

monreasonforlaterabortions.

ForgroupslikeMs.Northup’s,which

isinvolvedinlawsuitstofendoffabor-

tionrestrictionsacrossthecountry,

keepingfetalviabilityasthedividing

lineisessential.

Ms.Balch,theRighttoLifeofficial

andalawyer,saidshehadbeenmulling

fetalpainasawaytodrawattentionto

‘‘thehumanityoftheunbornchild’’

sincesheheardformerPresidentRon-

aldReaganspeakaboutitstirringlyin

1984.Inaspeechtoreligiousbroad-

castersthatyear,hesaid:‘‘Medicalsci-

encedoctorsconfirmthatwhenthe

livesoftheunbornaresnuffedout,they

oftenfeelpain—painthatislongand

agonizing.’’

Ms.Balchstartedcollectingarticles

byasmallminorityofscientistswho

assertedthatpainmaybesensedearlier

infetalandbraindevelopmentthan

commonlyassumed.Mostscientistsand

medicalassociationssaythatperception

ofpainisimpossiblewithoutbraindevel-

opmentsthatoccurwellafter20weeks.

Evenasnewtheoriesaboutpainwere

emerging,anti-abortiongroupswere

dissectingabortion-relatedopinionsby

JusticeKennedy,especiallyhis2007

opinionupholdingafederalbanonso-

calledpartial-birthabortions.Inthatde-

cision,intheinterpretationofMs.Balch

andothers,thecourtshoweditwas

opentorestrictingabortionbeforefetal

viabilitywhentherewasacompelling

moralreason.

ButotherlegalexpertslikeMs.Gold-

bergandMs.Northupcallthisamisin-

terpretation.Inupholdingthepartial-

birthban,theynote,thecourtempha-

sizedthatitwouldnotsignificantlyim-

pingeonabortionrightssinceother

methodswereavailable.Incontrast,a

20-weeklawwouldpreventallabortions

intheweeksprecedingfetalviability.

Opponentsseekaban

at20weeksasawayto

gaingroundacrossU.S.

BYERIKECKHOLM

Itchallengesfourdecadesofconstitu-

tionaldoctrineandisbasedondisputed

scientifictheories.

Yetseekingtobanabortionat20

weeksafterconception,onthetheory

thatthefetuscanthenfeelpain,has

emergedasapotentnewtacticofthe

anti-abortionmovementintheUnited

States.Itsawthepotentialofameasure

thattapsintopublicambivalenceabout

late-stageabortions,appearstoalter

therulesonlyincrementallyandclaims

toberootedinscience.

‘‘Anytimewetalkaboutdevelopment-

allandmarksoftheunbornchild,any-

thingshowingthattheunbornchildisa

memberofthehumanfamily—thatgets

thepublictotakeacloserlookatabor-

tion,’’saidMarySpauldingBalch,state

policydirectoroftheNationalRightto

LifeCommittee,whoiswidelyseenas

thearchitectoffetal-painlegislation.

Thebanat20weekswasfirstadopted

in2010inNebraska,whereconservatives

aimedtoreigninawell-knownabortion

doctor.Pain-basedabortionlimitshave

nowbeenenactedinadozenstates,most

recentlyinTexas,andabilltoimpose

themnationallypassedtheRepublican-

controlledHouseofRepresentativesin

June.Somerecentpolls,whileaffirming

publicsupportforlegalabortionoverall,

suggestthatamajoritywoulddrawthe

lineat20weeksofpregnancy.

Abortionrightsadvocatescallthe

painargumentduplicitousandsaythe

lawswillsurelybedeclaredunconstitu-

Abortionrightsadvocates

sayitisduplicitoustoargue

thatafetuscanfeelpain

atthatstage.

WASHINGTON

Congresslowersstudentloanrates

Somethingprettyrarehashappenedin

Congress:Ithasapprovedandsentto

PresidentBarackObamaamajorpiece

ofpublicpolicybyanoverwhelmingbi-

partisanmargin.Thelegislation,which

createdanewsetofratesforfederal

studentloans,passedWednesdaybya

voteof392to31intheHouse.Student

loanrateshaddoubledonJuly1aspre-

viouslendinglawsexpired.

standardlaidoutbytheSupremeCourt

inRoev.Wadein1973andelaboratedin

laterdecisions,womenhavearightto

anabortionuntilthefetusisviableout-

sidethewomb,whichisusuallyaround

24weeksintopregnancy.

Butproponentsof20-weekbanshope

thatoneofthecaseswillbeacceptedby

theSupremeCourt.Readingintopast

opinionsbyJusticeAnthonyKennedy,

thelikelyswingvote,theyarehoping

foralegalupheaval.

Incontrasttothetighteningoflawsin

theUnitedStates,Ireland,whichhada

totalbanonabortions,haseasedlaws.

UnderalawsignedTuesdaybyPresi-

dentMichaelHiggins,Irelandwillnow

allowabortionsincaseswherethereisa

threattothelifeofthemother,including

TaroAsosaidhehadjust

wantedtourgeacalmdebate

inJapanoverwhetherto

changeitsConstitution.

CLEVELAND

Lifeterminkidnappingof3women

TheOhiomanconvictedofholding

threewomencaptiveinhishousefor

morethanadecadeandrapingthem

repeatedlywassentencedThursdayto

lifewithoutparole.ArielCastro,53,had

pleadedguiltyto937countsincluding

aggravatedmurder,kidnapping,rape

andassault.Thewomendisappeared

separatelybetween2002and2004. (AP)

policiestoreviveJapan’sstagnant

economy,whichhaveprovenhighly

popularwithvoters.

‘‘Mr.Abeknowsthatwithonewrong

wordhecanundoallthathehasaccom-

plished,’’saidHarumiArima,aninde-

pendentpoliticalcommentator.‘‘The

stockmarketisup,andsoarehisap-

provalratings,soheisbeingverycare-

fulnottosaythewrongthingsthat

bringthisallcrashingdownagain.’’

Mr.Abefacedasimilarlessonduring

hisownfailedfirststintasprimeminis-

ter,whenhelostpublicsupportfortry-

ingtorewritetextbooksandtheConsti-

tutioninsteadoffocusingonpocketbook

issueslikejobs.

ThistimeMr.Abehassoughttoavoid

appearingtooextreme.Hehassaidhis

governmentwouldadheretoofficial

apologiesmadeinthemid-1990stothe

victimsofJapaneseaggressionandto

thewomenwhowereforcedtoservein

thewartimebrothels—areversalofhis

earlierstancethat thoseapologies

offeredanoverlynegativeviewofJa-

pan’sconductduringthewar.

Sincehiselectionvictorylastmonth,

Mr.Abehasalsosignaledthathewould

notgotoYasukuni,thewarshrineincen-

tralTokyo,amovethatwouldalmostcer-

tainlyoutrageSouthKoreaandChina.

TheeventsbeganMondaywhenMr.

Asowasdiscussingwitharightiststudy

grouphowtoachievetheirlong-held

goalofrevisingtheConstitution,which

waswrittenbyU.S.occupiersafterthe

war.Mr.Aso,whoservedasprimemin-

isterfiveyearsago,saidtheyshould

lookathowtheNaziPartyhadchanged

theconstitutionoftheprewarWeimar

Republic‘‘withoutanyonenoticing.’’

‘‘Maybeweshouldlearnfromtheir

techniques,’’Mr.Asosaid.

ItwasunclearwhatMr.Asomeant,

sincehehadearlierinthesametalkcrit-

icizedtheNazisforusurpingtheWei-

marConstitution,whichhepraisedas

themostprogressiveinEuropeatthe

time.Still,thelatercommentbrought

anoutpouringofcriticismforappearing

topointtotheNazisasamodel,aswell

aspresentingwhathistorianscalledan

incorrectviewofwhatwasactuallyavi-

olenttakeoverbytheNazis.

CORRECTIONS

• AnarticleonWednesdayabouttherole

ofjudgesintheSpanishlegalsystem

misspelledthesurnameofonejudge.He

isBaltasarGarzón,notGárzon.

• AnarticleonWednesdayabouttheBre-

genzFestivalmisspelledthesurnameof

theconductoroftheViennaSymphony.

HeisErikNielsen,notNelson.

• AnarticleonJuly8aboutCentral

EuropeanUniversityinBudapestcon-

tainedseveralerrors.Itmisspelledthe

nameofastudentwhoattendedapolit-

icalscienceseminar.HeisRoland

Ferkovics,notFerkovcs.DavidRidout

wasmisidentifiedastheheadoftheAca-

demicWritingCenter.Heisaninstruct-

orthereandalsotheEnglish-language

andacademic-writingdirectorofthe

RomaGraduatePreparationProgram.

IdaverMemedov,agraduatefromthat

program,formerlyworkedattheEuro-

peanRomaRightsCenter,nottheEuro-

peanCenterforMinorityIssues.

• AnarticleonMondayaboutarumor

thatwentviralintheaftermathofthe

BostonMarathonbombingmisstated

thetimethatareporterforBuzzFeed,

ErikMalinowski,madehisfirstTwitter

postaboutthetakedownoftheFace-

bookpagededicatedtofindingSunilTri-

pathi,amissingstudentwhowaserro-

neouslybelievedtobeasuspect.Itwas

sentat3a.m.,notatmidnight.(Hewas

inthePacifictimezonewhenheposted

it.)Andthearticlemisstatedthenum-

berofTwitterfollowersofAndrew

Kaczynski,anotherBuzzFeedjourna-

list.AtthetimeMr.Kaczynskihad

81,000followers,not90,000.(Henowhas

93,000followers.)

• AnarticleintheSaturday-Sundayedi-

tionsontheoffshoreenergyexploration

industryinAberdeen,Scotland,mis-

statedthepopulationofthecity.Itis

about220,000,not468,000.

KerryreaffirmsU.S.supportforAfghanistanafter2014

tiontroops.‘‘TheUnitedStatesisdraw-

ingdown,notwithdrawing,’’Mr.Kerry

said.‘‘SoIamveryhopefulthatthisisa

transition,notanending.’’

Mr.Kerry’svisittoIslamabad,which

wasnotannouncedinadvance,wasthe

firsthigh-levelvisitsincePakistan’snew

primeminister,NawazSharif,tookoffice.

Mr.Sharif’selectionwasthefirsttimein

Pakistan’stumultuoushistorythatone

civilianPakistanigovernmenthadfol-

lowedanotherthathadserveditsfull

term—adevelopmentMr.Kerrypor-

trayedasamarchtowarddemocracy.

TheUnitedStates’relationshipwith

Pakistanhasbeenadifficultone.Earlyin

theObamaadministration,itappeared

tobeoneofboldexpectations,withtalk

ofafull-blown‘‘strategicpartnership.’’

But therelationshipwasseverely

strainedbyPakistan’sfailuretocrack

downonthehavensthattheHaqqani

network,whichisaffiliatedwiththe

Taliban,andothermilitarygroupsused

tomountattacksinsideAfghanistan.

Relationswerealsostrainedbyboth

theUnitedStates’raidin2011thatkilled

OsamabinLadeninhiscompoundin

Abbottabad,Pakistan,anoperationthat

wasconductedwithoutadvanceknowl-

edgebythePakistanis,andbyaNATO

airstrikethatyearthatkilled24Paki-

stanitroops.Droneattackscarriedout

bytheUnitedStatesagainstmilitantsin

Pakistan,whichU.S.officialssayhave

beennecessarybecauseofthehavens,

havealsobeendeeplyunpopularhere.

Mr.Kerry’stripwasseenasaneffort

toimproverelationswithPakistan’s

newciviliangovernmentasitsoughtto

ISLAMABAD

BYMICHAELR.GORDON

TheU.S.secretaryofstate,JohnKerry,

saidThursdaythatheexpectedthe

UnitedStatesandAfghanistantocom-

pleteasecurityagreementthatwould

allowU.S.forcestostayinAfghanistan

after2014.

‘‘Iampersonallyconfidentthatwe

willhaveanagreement,’’Mr.Kerrysaid

duringavisittoPakistan.

Mr.Kerry’scommentsappearedin-

tendedtoreassuretheAfghanistanand

PakistangovernmentsthattheUnited

Stateswasnotabandoningtheregion.

Severalprominentlawmakersinthe

UnitedStateshavecriticizedtheWhite

Houseforfailingtosayhowmany

troopsitplanstokeepinAfghanistan

after2014andforstatingthattheWhite

Househasbeenconsideringpullingout

allforcesfromthere.Thatapproach,

theyhaveargued,hasbackfiredby

heighteninginsecurityinAfghanistan.

Mr.Kerrydeclinedtosaywhatissues

remainedtobesettledinthetalksover

theBilateralSecurityAgreement,asthe

accordthatisbeingworkedoutbythe

UnitedStatesandAfghanistanisknown.

NordidheindicatewhenPresident

BarackObamawoulddecidehowmany

troopsshouldremaininAfghanistan.

ButMr.KerrysaidheexpectedthatU.S.

forceswouldremain,alongwithtroops

fromalliedcountries,totrainAfghanis-

tan’sforcesandtocarryoutcommando

raidsagainstterroristgroupsasittakes

oversecurityofthecountryfromcoali-

T.MUGHAL/EUROPEANPRESSPHOTOAGENCY

NawazSharifofPakistan,left,andJohnKerryinIslamabadonThursday.Mr.Kerry’s

tripwasseenasanefforttoimproverelationswithPakistan’snewciviliangovernment.

reclaimauthorityfromthemilitary.

Mr.KerrymetThursdaywithMr.

SharifandwithSartajAziz,theprime

minister’sforeignaffairsadviser.Mr.

Kerry’sagendaalsoincludedameeting

withAshfaqParvezKayani,Pakistan’s

powerfularmychief.

Emphasizingthat thetwosides

wantedimprovedrelations,Mr.Kerry

notedthathehadinvitedMr.Sharifto

cometoWashingtonandmeetwithMr.

Obama.

Still,amidthetalkofmakingafresh

start,thereweresignsofstrain.Ata

jointnewsconference,Mr.Azizsaidthat

hisgovernmentwantedthedroneat-

tackstostop.‘‘Droneattacksarecoun-

terproductivetoourrelationship,’’he

said.‘‘Weareaskingforstopping.’’

CitingMr.Obama’smajorspeechon

theissue,Mr.Kerrymadethecasefor

continuingdronestrikesonaselective

basis.Itistheterroristswhoarethetar-

getoftheattacks,Mr.Kerrysaid,andit

wastheywhohadviolatedPakistan’s

sovereignty.Bothsidesrefrainedfrom

heatedwordsinpublicandagreedto

discussthisinfuturetalks.

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: