Handbook of optical materials.pdf

HANDBOOK OF

OPTICAL

MATERIALS

The CRC Press

Laser and Optical Science and Technology Series

Editor-in-Chief: Marvin J. Weber

A.V. Dotsenko, L.B. Glebov, and V.A. Tsekhomsky

Physics and Chemistry of Photochromic Glasses

Andrei M. Efimov

Optical Constants of Inorganic Glasses

Alexander A. Kaminskii

Crystalline Lasers:

Physical Processes and Operating Schemes

Valentina F. Kokorina

Glasses for Infrared Optics

Sergei V. Nemilov

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects

of the Vitreous State

Piotr A. Rodnyi

Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators

Michael C. Roggemann and Byron M. Welsh

Imaging Through Turbulence

Shigeo Shionoya and William M. Yen

Phosphor Handbook

Hiroyuki Yokoyama and Kikuo Ujihara

Spontaneous Emission and Laser Oscillation

in Microcavities

Marvin J. Weber, Editor

Handbook of Laser Science and Technology

Volume I: Lasers and Masers

Volume II: Gas Lasers

Volume III: Optical Materials, Part 1

Volume IV: Optical Materials, Part 2

Volume V: Optical Materials, Part 3

Supplement I: Lasers

Supplement II: Optical Materials

Marvin J. Weber

Handbook of Laser Wavelengths

Handbook of Lasers

HANDBOOK OF

OPTICAL

Marvin J. Weber, Ph.D.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

University of California

Berkeley, California

CRC PRESS

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

MATERIALS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Weber, Marvin J., 1932-

Handbook of optical materials / Marvin J. Weber.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-3512-4 (alk. paper)

1. Optical materials—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Lasers—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3.

Electrooptics—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.

QC374 .W43 2002

621.36—dc21

2002073628

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with

permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish

reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials

or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior

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The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works,

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No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-3512-4

Library of Congress Card Number 2002073628

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

Trademark Notice:

Preface

The Handbook of Optical Materials is a compilation of the physical properties of optical

materials used in optical systems and lasers. It contains extensive data tabulations but with

a minimum of narration, in a style similar to that of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and

Physics . References to original or secondary sources of the data are included throughout. The

objective of the handbook is to provide a convenient, reliable source of information on the

properties of optical materials.

Data in a handbook of optical materials can be presented by material (e.g., SiO 2 , CaF 2 , Ge),

by property (e.g., refractive index, thermal expansion, hardness), by wavelength region (e.g.,

infrared, visible, ultraviolet), or by application (e.g., transmitting optics, laser hosts, polar-

izers). In this handbook data are grouped by material properties. Thereby one can compare

different materials with respect to their properties and suitability for a particular application.

The volume is divided into sections devoted to various forms of condensed matter (crystals,

glasses, polymers, metals), liquids, and gases. Within each section physical properties, linear

and nonlinear optical properties, and many special properties such as electrooptic, magne-

toopic, and elastooptic properties of the materials are tabulated. The optical solids included

are mainly inorganic materials; optical liquids are mainly organic substances.

If by an optical material one means a material that exhibits some optical property such as

transmission, absorption, reflection, refraction, scattering, etc., the number of materials to

be considered becomes unmanageable. Thus the inclusion of materials in this volume is se-

lective rather than exhaustive. In the case of commercial optical glasses, for example, proper-

ties of representative types of glasses are given but not properties for all compositional

variations. Glasses with special properties or for special applications are included, however.

Bulk materials rather than thin films and multilayer structures are considered. Although opti-

cal glasses epitomizes an engineered material, other engineered optical materials such as

nanomaterials, quantum wells, or photonic crystals are also not included (although one of the

last is listed in Appendix II).

Although today optics can encompass x-ray and millimeterwave optics, coverage is limited

to materials for the spectral range from the vacuum ultraviolet (~100 nm) to the infrared (up

to 100 µm) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Among optical materials and properties not treated explicitly are photorefractive materials,

liquid crystals, optical fibers, phase-change optical recording materials, luminescent materi-

als (phosphors, scintillators), optical damage, and materials preparation and fabrication.

Much of the numerical data in this handbook is from Volumes III, IV, V, and Supplement 2

of the CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology. These volumes should be con-

sulted for more detailed descriptions of properties and their measurement (the contents of the

volumes and the contributors are given in the following pages). In many instances the data

in these volumes have been reformatted and combined with additions and recent develop-

ments. Several new sections have been added. For example, gases can play various roles as

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