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6.111 Introductory Digital Systems Laboratory
Lecture 13
6.111 Flat Panel Display Devices
Outline
• Overview Flat Panel Display Devices
– How do Displays Work?
–Emiie Dils
– Light Valve Displays
• Display Drivers
– Addressing Schemes
– Display Timing Generator
– Gray Scale / Color Schemes
Courtesy of Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande. Used with permission.
For more info take graduate course, 6.987 on flat panel displays
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Applications of Flat-Panel Displays
SMALL FORMAT
Medical Defibrillator
MP3 Player
Personal Digital
Assistant
Car Navigation &
Entertainment
LARGE FORMAT
Desktop Monitor (color)
Large Screen Television (color)
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Some Display Terminologies
Term
Definition
Pixel
Picture element⎯The smallest unit that can be addressed to give
color and intensity
Pixel Matrix
Number of Rows by the Number of Columns of pixels that make
up the deisplay
Aspect Ratio
Ratio of display width to display height; for example 4:3, 16:9
Resolution
(ppi)
Number of pixels per unit length (ppi=pixels per inch)
Frame Rate
(Hz)
Number of Frames displayed per second
Viewing Angle
(°)
Angular range over which images from the display could be
viewed without distortion
Diagonal Size
Length of display diagonal
Contrast Ratio
Ratio of the highest luminance (brightest) to the lowest luminance
(darkest)
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Information Capacity of Displays
(Pixel Count)
RESOLUTION
PIXEL
RATIO
Video Graphic Array
(VGA)
Super Video Graphic Array
(SVGA)
e X tended Graphic Array
(XGA)
Super e X tended Graphic Array
(SXGA)
Super e X tended Graphic Array plus
(SXGA+)
Ultra e X tended Graphic Array
(UXGA)
Quad e X tended Graphics Array
(QXGA)
Quad Super e X tended Graphics Array
(QSXGA)
640 x 480 x RGB
4:3
800 x 600 x RGB
4:3
1,024 x 768 x RGB
4:3
1,280 x 1,024 x RGB
5:4
1,400 x 1,080 x RGB
4:3
1,600 x 1,200 x RGB
4:3
2048 x 1536 x RGB
4:3
2560 x 2048 x RGB
4:3
Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare. Adapted from Display Devices, no. 21 (Spring 2000): 41.
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How Do Displays Work?
Photon
Output
Signal
Time Sequential
Electronic Input
Signal
Addressing Function
Display Element
Display Element Array
Pankove
Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare. Adapted from Jacques Pankove .
• Electronic display converts “ Time Sequential Electrical Signals ”into
spatially and temporally configured light signal ( images ).
– Electrical signals are appropriately routed to the various display elements
( similar to memory addressing )
– Display element (pixel) converts the routed electrical signal at its input into
light of certain wavelength and intensity ( inverse of image capture )
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