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3 Image Quality Repair Analysis Procedures
Introduction......................................................................................................................
3-3
Measurements.................................................................................................................
3-3
Image Quality Defect Definitions .....................................................................................
3-4
Image Quality Checkout ..................................................................................................
3-5
Solid Area Density...........................................................................................................
3-6
Background .....................................................................................................................
3-6
Deletions (Line, Band, Spots)..........................................................................................
3-7
Fusing..............................................................................................................................
3-7
Resolution .......................................................................................................................
3-8
Registration (Side to Side) ..............................................................................................
3-8
Registration (Lead Edge to Trail Edge) ...........................................................................
3-9
Skew................................................................................................................................
3-9
Skips / Smears ................................................................................................................
3-10
Spots ...............................................................................................................................
3-10
Other Print Defects..........................................................................................................
3-11
IQ RAP 1 Light (Undertoned) Prints ................................................................................
3-11
IQ RAP 2 Blank Prints .....................................................................................................
3-12
IQ RAP 3 Spots ...............................................................................................................
3-13
IQ RAP 4 Horizontal Deletions ........................................................................................
3-14
IQ RAP 5 Vertical Deletions ............................................................................................
3-15
IQ RAP 6 Spot Deletions.................................................................................................
3-16
IQ RAP 7 Vertical Streaks ...............................................................................................
3-17
IQ RAP 8 Horizontal Streaks...........................................................................................
3-18
IQ RAP 9 Residual Image ...............................................................................................
3-19
IQ RAP 10 Black Prints ...................................................................................................
3-20
IQ RAP 11 Background ...................................................................................................
3-21
IQ RAP 12 Uneven Density.............................................................................................
3-21
IQ RAP 13 Skewed Image ..............................................................................................
3-22
IQ RAP 14 Damaged Print ..............................................................................................
3-23
IQ RAP 15 Registration ...................................................................................................
3-24
IQ RAP 16 Skips / Smears ..............................................................................................
3-25
IQ RAP 17 Unfused Image..............................................................................................
3-25
IQ RAP 18 Resolution .....................................................................................................
3-26
Initial Issue
Image Quality Repair Analysis Procedures
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Image Quality Repair Analysis Procedures
Initial Issue
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Introduction
This section contains image quality repair procedures to assist in correcting image quality
defects. These procedures provide defect samples, definitions and specifications to help iden-
tify the type of defect that exists, the test pattern to use, and actions required to correct the
defects.
Measurements
Power and signal grounds are connected to frame ground, therefore all circuit troubleshooting
can be performed using the metal frame (chassis) as the grounding point. If more information is
needed to locate connectors or test points, refer to section 7.
Unless specified otherwise, the following voltage tolerances are used within this section: Ta b l e
1
The voltage tolerances for this section are listed i n Ta b l e 1 under the top ic Measuremen ts .
Throughout these procedures, the term “vertical” refers to the process direction (the direction
paper travels through the printer); the term “horizontal” refers to the scanning direction (the
direction the laser beam scans across the page).
Table 1 Voltage Measurements
Stated
Measured
+ 5.0 VDC
+ 4.8 VDC to + 5.2 VDC
Cleaning procedures should always be performed before beginning any Print Quality Repair
procedure.
+ 3.3 VDC
+ 3.0 VDC to + 3.6 VDC
+ 24.0 VDC
+ 21.6 VDC to + 26.4 VDC
0.0 VDC
less than + 0.5 VDC
Be sure that the paper meets printer specifications. Changing the paper, or using paper from a
previously unopened ream, will resolve many print quality issues.
After resolving an image quality problem, return to Image Quality Checkout to verify that no
other image quality defects exist.
Sample reproductions of the various image quality patterns are included under Image Quality
Specifications.
Use the Image Quality RAPS to further diagnose machine problems.
In the Y/N (Yes/No) steps of the RAPs, a Yes response will lead you to the next step. A No
response will indicate a corrective action, or will direct you to another step. When the indicated
corrective action has been completed, go to Section 1 and restart the Initial Actions to verify
that the problem has been corrected.
Initial Issue
Image Quality Repair Analysis Procedures
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Introduction, Measurements
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Image Quality Defect Definitions
The System Controller Test Print ( Figure 1 ) is used to evaluate each of the print quality param-
eters. Each area of the test pattern is used for a print quality parameter. The areas and the
print quality parameters are listed in Image Quality Checkout.
Table 1 Image Quality Defect Definitions
Defect Definitions
Go To:
LIGHT PRINTS: The overall image density is too light.
BLANK PRINTS: Prints with no visible image.
SPOTS: There are spots of toner on the page.
HORIZONTAL DELETIONS: There are areas of the image that are extremely
light or missing entirely. These areas run horizontally across the page in the
direction of scanning.
VERTICAL DELETIONS: There are areas of the image that are extremely
light or missing entirely. These areas run vertically along the page in the
direction of paper movement.
SPOT DELETIONS: Solid areas are marked with irregular white areas.
VERTICAL STREAKS: Extraneous dark lines/bands in the process direction.
HORIZONTAL STREAKS: Extraneous dark lines/bands in the direction of
scan.
RESIDUAL IMAGES: The image from a previous print, which was not
removed during the cleaning process, has been developed on the current
print.
BLACK PRINTS: The print is completely covered with toner and has no visi-
ble image.
BACKGROUND: Uniform toner contamination in non image areas. Refer to
the Background specification.
UNEVEN DENSITY: The text/line darkness and solid area density image var-
ies across the print.
SKEWED IMAGE: Angular displacement of the image from its intended posi-
tion on the print. Refer to the specification.
DAMAGED PRINTS: Creases, wrinkles, excessive curl, cuts, folds or
embossed marks.
REGISTRATION (lead edge to trail edge): Displacement of the image, in the
process direction, from its intended position on the print.
(inboard to outboard): Displacement of the image, in the direction of scan,
from its intended position on the print.
SKIPS / SMEARS: Skip-Loss or stretching of the image in bands across the
process direction.
Smear-The distortion of the image in bands across the process direction that
cause it to appear to be blurred or compressed.
UNFUSED IMAGE: Part of or all of the image is unfused. Refer to the specifi-
cation.
RESOLUTION: At 600 DPI, the two pixel lines and halftone patches cannot
be reproduced clearly on the print.
Image Quality Repair Analysis Procedures
Initial Issue
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Image Quality Defect Definitions
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Image Quality Checkout
The System Controller Test Print is used to evaluate and ensure that the printed image meets
the printer specifications.
Use new paper, whenever possible, to check the image quality of prints. Make five (5) prints of
the System Controller Test Print ( Figure 1 ). Discard the first two prints and retain the remaining
prints for image quality analysis.
The Image quality Checkout is used to evaluate the following:
1. Resolution (2 places) ( Figure 1 )
2. Skips and Smears (4 places) ( Figure 1 )
3. Registration (1 place) ( Figure 1 )
4. Resolution and Uniformity (2 places) ( Figure 1 )
5. Solid Area Density (3 places) ( Figure 1 )
6. Half Tone Resolution (2 places). ( Figure 1 )
Go to Solid Area Density.
Figure 1 System Controller Test Print.
Initial Issue
Image Quality Repair Analysis Procedures
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Image Quality Checkout
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