ST 2-22.7 Tactical Human Intelligence and Counterintelligence Operations.pdf

APRIL 2002 ST 2-22.7 (FM 34-7-1)

ST 2-22.7 (FM 34-7-1)

TACTICAL HUMAN INTELLIGENCE AND

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

US Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca

Fort Huachuca, Arizona 85613-6000

APRIL 2002

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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ST 2-22.7 (FM 34-7-1) APRIL 2002

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Preface........................................................................................................................................iii

CHAPTER 1 TACTICAL HUMAN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION ASSETS ..................... 1-1

HUMINT and CI Interaction ........................................................................... 1-1

Counterintelligence........................................................................................ 1-2

What is Tactical HUMINT? ............................................................................ 1-3

HUMINT and CI Operations on the Battlefield............................................... 1-5

HUMINT and CI Operations Within the Urban Environment ......................... 1-5

Army HUMINT and CI Organizations ............................................................ 1-6

Other Sources of HUMINT on the Battlefield............................................... 1-11

CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE............................................................ 2-1

Tactical HUMINT Organization...................................................................... 2-1

CHAPTER 3 COMMAND AND CONTROL......................................................................... 3-1

Role of the MI Commander ........................................................................... 3-1

Command Relationships ............................................................................... 3-2

Support Relationships ................................................................................... 3-3

Technical Control........................................................................................... 3-5

Reporting ....................................................................................................... 3-6

CHAPTER 4 COLLECTION ACTIVITIES ........................................................................... 4-1

Collection Methodology ................................................................................. 4-1

Operations ..................................................................................................... 4-2

Human Sources............................................................................................. 4-4

Other Sources ............................................................................................... 4-8

CHAPTER 5 TEAM OPERATIONS .................................................................................... 5-1

Concentric Rings Operation Methodology..................................................... 5-1

Equipment Requirements .............................................................................. 5-5

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures ........................................................... 5-7

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release, distribution is limited.

7-2

Human Intelligence........................................................................................ 1-1

J/G/S2X ........................................................................................................ 2-3

Levels of Employment ................................................................................... 5-2

APRIL 2002 ST 2-22.7 (FM 34-7-1)

CHAPTER 6 HUMINT AND CI MISSION PLANNING ........................................................ 6-1

Steps in HUMINT and CI Mission Analysis ................................................... 6-1

Task Organization ......................................................................................... 6-5

Operations Plans, Operations Orders, and Annexes .................................... 6-7

CHAPTER 7 HUMINT AND CI COLLECTION MANAGEMENT ........................................ 7-1

HUMINT and CI Support to Targeting ........................................................... 7-6

Control Measures ........................................................................................ 7-10

CHAPTER 8 AUTOMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS.................................................... 8-1

Communications............................................................................................ 8-6

GLOSSARY ...........................................................................................................Glossary-1

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... Bibliography-1

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Selecting Courses of Action .......................................................................... 6-4

Collection Management Process................................................................... 7-1

Automation .................................................................................................... 8-1

APRIL 2002

ST 2-22.7 (FM 34-7-1)

PREFACE

This manual establishes the initial doctrinal foundation for Tactical HUMINT Operations.

It provides the basis for the organization and structure of tactical HUMINT operations

from peacetime military engagements (PME) to major theater war (MTW).

This manual is designed primarily for the commanders and soldiers of units conducting

tactical HUMINT collection. It can also be used by commanders, staffs, and intelligence

personnel at all echelons, and applies equally to Active Components (AC) and Reserve

Components (RC), to include US Army Reserves (USAR) and the Army National Guard

(ARNG).

This manual addresses requirements, expanding on the doctrine in FM 2-O

(FM 34-l), FM 3-O (FM 100-5), FM 5-O and FM 6-O (FM 101-5), and FM 2-01.3

(FM 34-1 30).

The proponent of this publication is the US Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca.

We consider this a living manual and will dynamically revise this doctrine as frequently

as necessary based on comments from the field or when significant changes occur

within the Military Corps’ force structure. Under normal circumstances appropriate

revisions will be made within two weeks of receipt. While the initial (one time)

distribution of this field manual will be made, users should realize that to capture the

dynamic changes/revisions to the manual as they occur, they should check the

Intelligence Center Homepage frequently for the most current version.

We welcome your comments and recommended changes at any time. You may email

them directly to the proponent at ATZS-FDC-D, or mail them to: Commander, US Army

Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca (ATZS-FDR-CD), Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-

6000, You can also access the Doctrine Division Homepage at

http: //usaic, hua, army, roil/doctrine. htm and leave your comments or changes with the

Webmaster.

This handbook does not implement any international Standardization Agreements

(STANAGS). It complies with all applicable STANAGS and Quadripartite Standardization

Agreements.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer

exclusively to men.

This manual incorporates the emerging intelligence and operational doctrine and

terminology from FM 3-O, Operations, dated 14 June 2001, It uses the new manual

numbers with the old manual numbers in parentheses. Although not all manuals have

been updated to the new numbering system, this was done to transition the force to the

new numbering system.

JAMES A. MARKS

Brigadier General, USA

Commanding

. . .

Ill

ST 2-22.7 (FM 34-7-1) APRIL 2002

Chapter 1

Tactical Human Intelligence Collection Assets

Timely and accurate intelligence derived from human intelligence (HUMINT) and

counterintelligence (CI) assets is critical to the military decision-making process (MDMP).

Despite the array of intelligence sensors, recent operations have shown that a local population

is a key element in most operational planning. The early and continuous contact by HUMINT

collectors and CI agents with the civilian population is often the best source of information about

the area of operations (AO). Understanding the capabilities and limitations of this collection

system is vital to operational planning and execution in operations from peacetime military

engagements (PME) to major theater war (MTW).

Regulations governing HUMINT and CI collection and reporting include but are not limited to

ARs 381-10, 381-20, 381-100, 381-172 (S/NF), and DCID 5/1 (S/NF). (Note: For questions

regarding HUMINT and CI collection and reporting, you must talk to the J/G2X or a judge

advocate general (JAG) officer who has completed the Intelligence Law Course.)

HUMINT AND CI INTERACTION

1-1. HUMINT and CI have distinctly different missions. HUMINT collectors gather information

to answer intelligence and information requirements while CI personnel help protect the force

from an adversary’s intelligence collection efforts. HUMINT collectors and CI personnel bring

unique sets of skills to any mission. At times each discipline may uncover information relating

to the other’s primary mission. Although HUMINT collectors and CI personnel appear to have

similar functions, because the common denominator is human interaction, each discipline has

its own area of expertise.

1-2. Understanding their capabilities and limitations and the judicious combination of assets

maximizes mission accomplishment. HUMINT collectors best accomplish collection tasks; other

tasks such as subversion and espionage directed against the US Army (SAEDA) and deliberate

security violation investigations can only be accomplished by CI personnel under authorization

of Executive Order (EO) 12333.

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE

1-3. HUMINT is the oldest collection discipline and a key contributor to the all-source picture of

the battlefield. HUMINT is the intelligence, to include adversary intentions, derived from

information collected from people and related documents. It uses human sources acquired both

passively and actively to gather information to answer intelligence requirements and to cross-

cue other intelligence disciplines. HUMINT is produced from the collection on a wide range of

requirements with the purpose of identifying adversary capabilities and intentions. Figure 1-1

shows the roles and functions of HUMINT.

1-4. HUMINT tasks include but are not limited to—

• Using tactical and other developed sources.

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