A Compendium Of Solar Dish Stirling Technology 10130410(1).pdf
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SAND93-7026 UC-236
Unlimited Release
Printed January 1994
A Compendium of
Solar Dish
/
Stirling
Technology
William B. Stine, Ph.D.
Professor, Mechanical Engineering
California State Polytechnic University
Pomona, CA 91 768
Richard B. Diver, Ph.D.
Solar Thermal Technology Department
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM 87185-0703
Issued by Sandia National Laborat
o
ries,
o
perated for the United States
Department of Energy by Sand
i
a Corporation.
NOTICE: Th
i
s report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an
agency of the United States Government. Ne
i
ther the United States Govern-
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contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express
or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,
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i
ews and opin
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ons expressed herein do
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ca. Th
i
s report has been reproduced
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SAND93-7026 UC-236
Unlimited Release
Printed January 1994
A Compendium of Solar
Dish
/
Stirling Technology
William B. Stine, Ph.D.
Professor, Mechanical Engineering
California State Polytechnic University
Pomona, CA 91 768
Richard B. Diver, Ph.D.
Solar Thermal Technology Department
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM 87185-0703
ABSTRACT
This technology c
o
mpendium
,
wh
i
ch is
i
nternat
i
onal in scope
,
presents the results of a survey on the _echnology
status, system specifications, performance, and operation of parabolic dish solar collectors that use Stining
engines to generate electrical power. Technical information on the engines used or to be used in dish
/
Stirling
systems is also presented. This study uses consistent terminology to document the design characteristics of
dish concentrators, receivers, and Stifling engines for electric generating applications, thereby enabling
comparison of dish
/
Stirling technologies at both a system and component level. Development status and
operating experience for each system and an overview of dish
/
Stirling technology are also presented.
S
a
nd
ia
N
a
t
io
n
al La
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550
MASTER
_._2
for the United States Department of Energy
,_21" •
Prepared by
under Contract No. 67-3678
L
AcknowledgmenI:s
Thiscompendium requiredthe effortof many people.The authorsareespeciallgratefuforthe editorial
supportof Dan ScottofTech Peps,Inc.The handsome graphicsand presentationin thiscompendiun_ areto
a large extent the result of Dan's talents and suppo
r
t by staff of the Tech Reps Illustration
Department.
We would also like to acknowledge
the contributions
of the dish
/
Stirling
community.
We are indebted to the
time
,
effort
,
and patience of many people.
We would like to dedicate the compendium
to the dish
/
Stirling
enthusiast
-- past, present
,
and future -- by
whose eftOrts this important
technology
will ultimately
be commercialized.
ii
Contents
Gl
o
s
s
ary ...................................................................................................................................................................
i
x
Introduction
............................................................................................................................................................
1
Dish
/
Stirling's
Contribution
to Solar Thermal Electric Technology ................................................................
1
Report Overview .................................................................................................................................................
2
PART I: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
Chapter 1: The Dish
/
Stirling Solar Electric Generating System ............................................................................
5
Concentrators .....................................................................................................................................................
6
Receivers ............................................................................................................................................................
7
Engines .............................................................................................................................................................
8
Chapter 2: Current System Technology ................................................................................................................
11
Developed Systems ...........................................................................................................................................
11
Vanguard
25-kW_, System ..........................................................................................................................
11
McDonnell
Douglas 2S-kW c,System .........................................................................................................
I l
German
/
Saudi
S0-KW e System ..................................................................................................................
14
Current Activities .............................................................................................................................................
14
Schlaich
,
Bergermann
und Partner 9-kWe System ...................................................................................
14
Cummins
Power Generation
7
.S-kW_. System ..........................................................................................
16
Aisin Seiki Miyako Island System ............................................................................................................
1
7
Stirling Thermal Motors 25-kW_. Solar Power Conversion
System ...........................................................
1
7
Chapter 3: Fundamental
Concepts .......................................................................................................................
19
The Collection of Solar Energy ........................................................................................................................
19
Advantages
of Concentration
..........................................................................................................................
19
Geometric
Concentration
P,atio ................................................................................................................
20
Optical Concentration
Ratio .....................................................................................................................
20
Parabolic Dish Concentrators
..........................................................................................................................
20
Concentrator
Optics ..................................................................................................................................
20
Paraboloid Concentrators
...................................................................................................................
20
Optical Errors ......................................................................................................................................
2 I
Secondary Concentrators
...................................................................................................................
22
Reflective Materials ....................................................................................................................................
22
Back-Surface Silvered-Glass
................................................................................................................
2;{
Reflective Plastic Film .........................................................................................................................
2;{
Polished or Plated Metal .....................................................................................................................
23
°°,
111
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