Madynah Book Handout.pdf

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HANDOUTS
For
Madina Book 1
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an
(Toronto)
(NO Copy rights reserved)
Subject
Page
Parts of the Speech …………………….
1
The Arabic Alphabet ………………….
2
Arabic Nouns Have Endings ………….
3
Nominal Sentence ……………………...
4
Cases Exercises ………………………...
5
Sound Triliteral Verbs ………………...
6
Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur’an …
8
Pronouns ……………………………….
9
Pronouns-01-solved ……………………
10
Pronouns-01 ……………………………
12
Mudafu Mudafu Alei ………………….
14
Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Qur’an …
15
Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples …….
16
Phrases …………………………………
17
Feminine Gender ………………………
18
Adjectives ………………………………
19
Nominal Sentence From Qur’an ……...
22
Grammatical Analysis …………………
23
Dual and Sound Plurals ……………….
27
Broken Plurals …………………………
29
Singular-Dual-Plural ………………….
33
Numbers ………………………………..
35
Types of Khabar ……………………….
37
Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet ……….
38
Parts of the Speech
In English language there are 8 Parts of Speech namely:
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection
In Arabic language there are 3 Parts of Speech:
= Noun
= Verb
= Particle
But these three Parts encompass all eight Parts of Speech of the English Language.
Parts of Speech in Arabic Language
Particle
Verb
Noun
Preposition =
Verb (same as in English)
Noun =
Conjunction =
Pronoun =
Adjective =
!
/
Adverb =
"
Interjection =
# $
Parts of the Speech.doc
Page 1
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The Arabic Alphabet and Vowel Signs
The Arabic letters of the alphabet are twenty nine (29) in number, all of which, with exception of
Alif, are consonants.
Consonants means it has speech sound.
There are three vowel signs in Arabic.
FATAH
(
ـَـ
)
denoting “a” e.g. = da = ra
KASRAH
(
ـِـ
)
denoting “i” e.g. = di = ri
DUMMA
(
ـُـ
)
denoting “u” e.g. = du = ru
SUKUN
(
ـْـ
)
it is the sign denoting absence of a vowel.
A consonant that does not carry any vowel is marked by a Sukun.
In Arabic there are three (3) parts of speech.
(Noun) (Verb) (Particle)
Arabic includes English nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Arabic is co-extensive with English verbs.
All words besides and are - Particles.
(noun) may be indefinite
(
)
or definite
)
There are no definite or indefinite articles in Arabic language equivalent to English a, an, the .
Indefiniteness of is indicated by !"#$% ( nunation at the end of the noun ) which means the
vowel sign is doubled at the end of the word.
Definiteness is indicated by &' prefixed to the noun .
()* + a book ,- a pen
()* . the book ,/. the pen
Since cannot at the same time be definite and indefinite, !"#$% and &' do not coexist .
()* . and ,/. will be incorrect.
Tanween is also used with proper nouns i.e. 0 2 3 ، 0.) 5 ، 0" 6
. Even though there is a
tanween at the end of the noun, these proper nouns are definite .
The Arabic Alphabet.doc
Page 2
(
.
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Arabic nouns have ENDINGS
to show their functions in a sentence .
Just like us, when we go to office, Bank or factory for work we have work cloths or uniforms, when we
go for formal functions like weddings, Valimas or reception, we dress accordingly. When we are at
home, we wear different cloths and when we retire for the night to sleep, we put on sleeping dress.
In short, we dress according to what the occasion or function demands .
Similarly, the Nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence. It can be a subject
( Nominative case or ending ) or it can be an object of a verb ( Accusative case or ending )
or it can be a possessor of a thing or come after a preposition or an adverb ( Genitive case or
ending ).
There are three endings of Noun (the vowel sign on the last letter of the noun).
1. Dammah
، ، ، ،
2. Fatah
، ، " ، ،
3. Kasrah
# ، $ ، " ، # ، $
1 . When the last letter of a noun has a DAMMAH
It is said to be (it indicates Nominative Case )
.ٌ ()*+ , ُ (.
. $/ 01 2
. $3 5 67 " 0 89:
2 . When the last letter of a noun has a FATAH
It is said to be (it indicates Accusative Case )
. ; < = > " ?@A / BA
. C > D E F9
. $3$ 5 G " , HA
3 . When the last letter of a noun has a KASRAH
It is said to be (it indicates Genitive Case )
؟ J8 ٍ $ / B MA
؟ J8 #N H MA
. $ H 5 O)> ( > 5
. " J8
Please memorize the above ARABIC TERMS and watch carefully the
ENDING VOWEL SIGNS ON NOUNS TO KNOW ITS FUNCTION IN
THE SENTENCE .
Arabic Nouns Have Endings.doc
Page 3
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Nominal Sentence
(
)
What is a sentence?
Sentence is a group of words which make complete sense .
Muhammad is a student.
Hamid is sick.
The core ingredients of any sentence are a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a place
or a thing we are talking about. The predicate makes a statement about the subject. In other words the
predicate is the part of a sentence which expresses what is said about the subject.
In the above two sentences Muhammad and Hamid are subjects and “ is a student ” and “ is sick ” are
predicates .
In Arabic language there are two kinds of sentences.
The one which begins with a noun
(
)
is called nominal sentence
And the one which begins with a verb
)
is called verbal sentence
We shall discuss here only the nominal sentence.
A simple nominal sentence is of this form:
Zayd is learned.
Fatimah is learned.
ٌ
!
The boy is intelligent.
$ %& '
The girl is beautiful.
( ) *,
Just like in English, a nominal sentence in Arabic has two parts:
Subject ( - . , ) and Predicate ( /, 0 )
The noun with which the nominal sentence begins is called
(
- . ,1
)
subject , and the other part
which says something about it is called
(
/, 2
)
predicate .
Usually, the subject of a nominal sentence is a definite noun , either a proper noun like Zayd and
Fatimah , a noun with the definite article like
' and
) *, or a pronoun.
The predicate is usually indefinite , and agrees in gender with the subject.
Both the subject and the predicate are marfu
3 ' /1
, that is, it will have one dumma or tanween
(double) dumma.
Nominal Sentence.doc
Page 4
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