1.What are the main parts of the body?
The human body consist of the head, the neck, the trunk, upper and lower limbs
2.What are the parts of the face?
The face consist of the forehead; the eyes with eyelids and eyelashes; the eyebrows; the chin; the mouth; the cheeks; the nose.
The ears can also be counted as part of the face.
3.What are the names of the main layers of the skin?
The skin is composed of two main layers: a thin outer layer, known as epidermis and a thicker inner later layer, called the dermis.
4.What structures does the dermis contain?
The dermis consists mainly of elastic connective tissue. Through the dermis runs a network of blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves. The dermis contains the glands, such as sweat glands, mammary glands and sebaceous.
5.What are the main function of the skin?
The skin provides protection from damage and entry of bacteria, regulates temperatures.
6.What stimuli are nerves sensitive to?
Nerves endings which located in the skin are sensitive to various stimuli: touch, pain pressure, hit, cold and itching.
7.What organs does the thoracic cavity contain?
The main structures in the thorax are the heart, the lungs, the oesophagus and large blood vessels, such as aorta and pulmonary arteries.
8.What organs are the contents of the abdominal cavity?
The contents of the abdominal cavity include the main organs of digestion, such as the stomach, small and large intestines, the liver, the pancreas and the spleen.
9.What are the fontanelles and what is their role?
There are two fontanelles: front and rear fontanelle. These are the bond connecting the cranial bones in neonates and infants.
10.What are the functions of the skeleton?
The skeleton provides a framework for the body and protect the vital organs.
11.What are the main parts of the respiratory system?
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main bronchi, brionchioles and the alveoli of the lung (air sacs).
12.How does the air enter the lungs?
Air enteres the respiratory tract through the nose or mouth.
13.Most common diseases of the respiratory tract
The most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract are mild infections, such as cold, influenza, rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis. The diseases of the lower respiratory tract are more serious and include bronchitis, pneumonia, pleuritis and lung cancer.
14.What kind of tissue is the blood?
The blood is a connective tissue.
15.What are the main constituents of the circulatory system?
The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, the blood vessels and the blood.
16.What are common circulatory diseases?
The circulatory diseases can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital disorders comprise such as patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of aorta, atrial septal defect or Fallot's tetralogy. Acquired disorders comprise such as heart diseases, for example, pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis or inflamation of aorta. The commonest diseases of arteries is arteriosclerosis.
17.What are the main parts of the digestive system?
The main parts of the digestive system are: the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
18.What are the common diseases of the digestive system?
Common diseases of the digestive system are: gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, carcinoma, colitis, diverticulitis.
19.What does the urinary system consist of?
Organs that comprise the urinary system are: two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra.
20.What are the symptoms of urinary tract diseases?
Signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections are pain in the lower back, frequent painful and burning urination, haematuria, nocturia, urine incontinence and tissue oedema.
21.What are the functions of the prostate gland?
Secretes a turbid, whitish liquid in which sperm are suspended
22.What does the (female/male) reproductive system consist of?
The female's reproductive system consists of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
23.What are the functions of the nervous system?
The functions of the nervous system are control and coordination of all body systems and organs and receiving information about external environment.
24.How are manifested the diseases affecting the nervous system?
Signs and symptoms caused by pathological conditions of the nervous system are various and include: acute headaches which can be associated with drowsiness, vomiting, dizziness, anxiety and photophobia. There may also occur epileptic seizure, visual disturbances, speech disturbances and mental diseases such as depression, neurosis or dementia.
25.What are the layers of the eye ball?
The eyeball consists of the three layers: the sclera, choroid and retina.
26.What are the most common defects of vision and eye disorders?
The most common defects of vision are short-sightedness and long-sightedness, astigmatism, strabismus
Nie bylo diseases, ale mozna sie w razie czego nauczyc jakby mu to powyzej nie pasowalo.
Common diseases affecting the eye are: infections such as conjunctivitis, glaucoma and cataract.
27.What are the main parts of the ear?
The ear consists of three distinct parts: the external, middle and internal ear. The external ear consists of the pinna and the auditory canal. The middle ear comprises the tympanic cavity with three auditory bones (tympanic membrane chyba tez). The internal ear contains the membranous and bony labyrinths.
28.How are the systemic drugs administered?
Drugs that have a systemic effects are administered by oral or parenteral route.
29.What equipment is necessary to give an injection?
The equipment needed for giving injections are disposable syringes, needles and antiseptic wipes.
30.What types of injections are used?
Injections are used in a variety of forms. These include intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-articular and intrathecal injections.
31.What equipment is necessary to change the dressing?
The equipment used to change the dressing includes cotton balls or cotton pledgets, antiseptic solution, scossors, foreceps and hemostat.
32.Emergency First Aid in: Animal bites
If the wound is bleeding, press on the wound and rise the limb.
Wash the wound with soap and water.
Cover the wound with a plaster or sterile wound dressing.
If the wound is large or deep, take or send the casualty to hospital.
33.- black eye
During the first 24-48 hours, place an icepack lightly on the black eye for about 20 minutes of each waking hour. Do not leave ice on the eye for more than 20 minutes at a time.
Watch the eye for swelling or infection. If the victim's vision is obstructed from swelling, or there is drainage or bleeding from the eye, call a doctor.
34.-cuts
Raise the injured part. Rinse the wound under cold running water to remove any dirt or grit. Clean around wound. Carefully pick off any loose foreign matter. Cover wound.
35.-burns (chemical)
Hold injured part under cold running water for at least 20 minutes. Take any contaminated clothing off. Cover the burn with a sterile wound dressing.
36.-chocking
If the casualty is coughing, encourage him to continue. If not, stand behind him and slap his back sharply between the shoulderblades, do this up to five times. Check the mouth to see if the objects has been dislodged. If the back slaps fail, stand behind the casualty and place a clenched with with thumb side in over upper abdomen just below the ribs. Grasp your fist pull inwards and upwards, up to five times. Check the mouth. If the casualty is still chocking after three cycles, call an ambulances.
37.-seizure
Place padding such as towels or pillows around the casualty to prevent from injuring. Remove clothing to prevent him temperatures from rising further. When the seizures stops, help him to lie on his side if possible. Call an ambulance. Monitor and record the casualty vital signs.
38.-electric shock
Break the contact between casualty and electric supply. Rinse the burns under cold running water or until burning feeling stops. Cut away any clothing from around the burns. Place a sterile wound dressing over the burn.
39.-injures (eye, spinal)
Keep casualty absolutely still. Kneeling behind him and place your hands on either side of the head.
Keep casualty absolutely still. Flush the eye with water. Cover the injured eye with a gauze pad.
40.-wounds
Examine wound. Press on the wound. If there is an embedded objects, press on either side of the object. Raise and support limb.
Secure the dressing over the wound with a roller bandage. If blood seeps through, put on a second dressing.
41.-frostbite
Warm affected area, for example, get the casualty to put his hands in his armpit (if the hands injured). Cover the frostbiten part with a gauze bandage to protect it.
42.-head injury
Check the casualty’s level of response using the AVPU code. Help casualty sit or lie in a comfortable position. If the casualty is unconscious open his airways. Get medical help if he has blurred vision, nausea etc. If there is blood-stained fluid coming from the ear or nose, suspect a skull fracture. Call an ambulance.
43.- alcohol poisoning
Help the casualty to sit or lie in a warm comfortable place if possible. Cover him with a blanket or a thermal foil. Treat any injures. Monitor and record his vital signs.
44.-unconsciousness
Raise the casualty’s leg above the heart. Loosen tight clothing around the neck, chest, and waist. Open any windows. Treat any associated injured. If the casualty go back help him to sit up slowly.
45.-bites & stings
Stings. Remove the sting. Place an ice pack on the affected area. Keep the ijured part in a comfortable position.
Bites. Help the casualty to lie down and tell him to keep still. Reassure him. Call an ambulance. Wash the wound with soap and water. Wrap a bandage around the limb above the wound. Place padding such rolled towels or blankets around the injured to keep it still.
46.-drowning
1. Open the airway by tilting the head, checking the mouth, and lifting the chin. Check for breathing for up to 10 seconds.
2. If the victim is breathing, place into the recovery position.
3. If the victim is not breathing, provide rescue breathing before moving on to an assessment of circulation and full CPR as necessary.
47.-for motorists
Nie wiem co tu kurwa napisac. Przeciez tu można tyle głupot popierdolic ze szok….
48.-heart attack
Put the heel of your hand on the breast bone and lock your fingers firmly together. Give the 30 chest compression at a rate of 100 per minute. After compression give rescue breaths. Continue it until medical help arrives.
49.-hypoglycaemia
Make the casualty to either sit or lie down.
Give the casualty an immediate dose of a sugar drink or chocolates . They may be given any form of sweet with a higher sugar content. If the casualty has a glucose gel present with him. One can help the casualty with it.
50. ABC
Check the breaths, quantity and quality; check patency of the air ways; check the pulse
51. Triage
Mam kurwa nadzieje, ze tego tam nie bedzie, nie chce mi sie tego robic, ani uczyc zjebanych angielskich wersji ;P
52. Moving a casualty
I znowu kurwa, niewiadomo co tu wpisac… milliard rzeczy mozna przeciez… … jednym slowem miejmy nadzieje ;P
Sorki za ilość ‘kurw’; i za to ze gdzie niegdzie troszke jest popisane duzo, ale lepiej wiecej niż mniej… jak ktos chce to nauczy się polowy zdania.. co powinno i tak starczyc…
47.-for motoristsCalm down and look what Has happend and who can u help. Make the area safe e.g. switch off an electric current or car engine. Get the casualty away from the danger. Check is the casualty conscious, is he/she breathing and is he/she has a pulse. If it necessary make a resuscitation. Check as much as u can. Look for any injuries and try to prevent massive bleeding. Send someone to call an ambulance or do it yourself and give them as much information as possible.
51. Is a special metod of colour code patients after major incidents. Black ? patients with serious injuries who will probably die.Red ? patients who need immediate surgery or other life-saving action. Yellow ? patients who are stable but will need hospital care. Green ? patient who will need to see a doctor, but not immediately.
52. If the preson is conscious, Orly slighty wounded and able to stand u should supporting as much of hips or his weight as u can and to walk to safety. If the casualty is too heavy to lift and who can?t walk can be dragged. Place his arms across the chest. Chrouch down behind his head. Put your hands under his shoulders clasp his armpits, if possibile rise to a crouch and lift his torso off the ground. Drag him with u as u walk backwards.
potacz