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COMPTIA A+ 2009
IN DEPTH
Jean Andrews, Ph.D.
Course Technology PTR
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CompTIA
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A+ 2009 In Depth
Jean Andrews, Ph.D.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 10 09
Table of Contents
CompTIA A+ 220-701 Essentials
Exam, 2009 Edition Examination
Objectives Mapped to Chapters . . . . . . .x
Using Windows 2000/XP/Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
The Windows Vista Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Differences between the Windows XP/2000
desktop and the Vista desktop . . . . . . . . . .55
Windows Explorer and the Computer
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
The Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
System Information Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Command Prompt Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
CompTIA A+ 220-702 Practical Application
Exam, 2009 Edition Examination
Objectives Mapped to Chapters . . . . .xxi
CHAPTER 1
Introducing Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Needs Software to Work . . . . . . . . . . . .2
PC Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Hardware Used for Input and Output . . . . . . . .4
Hardware Inside the Computer Case . . . . . . . . .7
The Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
The Processor and the Chipset . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Motherboard Components Used for
Communication Among Devices . . . . . . . . . .19
Expansion Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
The Electrical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Instructions Stored on the Motherboard and
Other Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Working with People in a Technical
World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Job Roles and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Certification and Professional Organizations . . .75
Record-keeping and Information Tools . . . . . .77
What Customers Want: Beyond Technical
Know-how . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Planning for Good Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Initial Contact with a Customer . . . . . . . . . . .82
Interview the Customer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Set and Meet Customer Expectations . . . . . . . .85
Working with a Customer on Site . . . . . . . . . .86
Working with a Customer on the Phone . . . . . .88
Dealing with Difficult Customers . . . . . . . . . . .88
The Customer Decides When the Work is
Done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Sometimes You Must Escalate a Problem . . . . .92
The Job Isn’t Finished Until the Paperwork
is Done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Working with Coworkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
CHAPTER 2
Introducing Operating Systems . . . . . . .31
Operating Systems Past and Present . . . . . . . . . .32
DOS (Disk Operating System) . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
DOS with Windows 3.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Windows 9X/Me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Windows 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Windows Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Mac OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
How Windows 2000/XP/Vista Works . . . . . . . . . .39
What an Operating System Does . . . . . . . . . . .40
Components of Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
How Windows Manages Applications . . . . . . . .42
How Windows Manages Hardware . . . . . . . . . .43
How Many Bits at a Time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
CHAPTER 4
Form Factors, Power Supplies, and
Working Inside a Computer . . . . . . . .99
Form Factors Used by Computer Cases,
Motherboards, and Power Supplies . . . . . . . . .100
Types of Form Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Types of Computer Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Measures and Properties of Electricity . . . . . . . .110
AC and DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Hot, Neutral, and Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Some Common Electronic Components . . . . . .114
iv
Table of Contents
Selecting a Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Types and Characteristics of Power Supplies . .116
How to Select a Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Protect Yourself and the Equipment Against
Electrical Dangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Protect Yourself Against Electrical Shock
and Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Protect the Equipment Against Static
Electricity or ESD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Protect Against Electromagnetic
Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Surge Protection and Battery Backup . . . . . .127
How to Work Inside a Computer Case . . . . . . . .132
PC Support Technician Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Steps to Take Apart a Computer . . . . . . . . . .136
Steps to Put a Computer Back Together . . . . .148
Troubleshooting the Electrical System . . . . . . . .149
Problems with External Power . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Problems with Loose Internal Connections . . .151
Problems That Come and Go . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Problems with an Inadequate Power Supply . .152
Problems with a Faulty Power Supply . . . . . .152
Problems with the Power Supply Fans . . . . . .152
Problems with Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Power Problems with the Motherboard . . . . . .153
Replacing the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Maintaining, Installing, and Configuring a
Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Maintaining a Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Installing or Replacing a Motherboard . . . . . .199
Configuring the Motherboard Using BIOS
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
CHAPTER 6
Supporting Processors . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Types and Characteristics of Processors . . . . . . .220
How a Processor Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Intel Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
AMD Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
Cooling Methods and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Coolers, Fans, and Heat Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Case Fans and Other Fans and Heat Sinks . . . .232
Liquid Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Dealing with Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
Selecting and Installing a Processor . . . . . . . . .236
Select a Processor to Match System Needs . . .236
Install a Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
BIOS Power Management Settings for the
Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
Troubleshooting the Motherboard and
Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254
Problems with Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
Problems with the Motherboard or
Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
Problems with Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
Boot Problems Before the Operating System
Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263
CHAPTER 5
All About Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . .159
Motherboard Types and Features . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Motherboard Form FactorS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Processor Sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
The Chipset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
Buses and Expansion Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
On-Board Ports and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . .178
Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
How to Select a Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . .185
How Startup BIOS Controls the Boot Process . . .187
Booting a Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
Choosing Between a Hard Boot and a
Soft Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
The Startup BIOS Controls the Beginning
of the Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Step 1: POST and Assignment of System
Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Step 2: Startup BIOS Finds and Loads
the OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
CHAPTER 7
Upgrading Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
Memory Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276
DIMM Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278
Rimm Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283
SIMM Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284
Memory Technologies and Memory
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
How to Upgrade Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
How Much Memory Do I Need, and How
Much Is Currently Installed? . . . . . . . . . . .286
How Many and What Kind of Memory
Modules Are Currently Installed? . . . . . . . .287
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