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Romans_INTERIOR.indd

A NCIENT

R OM ANS

A Kid’s Guide to the History & Science of Life in Ancient Rome

Build

inventions,

structures, and

works of art

Meet

the people

whose ideas

changed

the world

15

explore

the history of

Roman civilization

with hands-on

activities

learn

how the discoveries

of ancient Rome

affect us today

Rachel Dickinson

T OOLS OF THE

Hands-On

Activities

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A NCIENT

R OM ANS

A Kid’s Guide to the History & Science of Life in Ancient Rome

RACHEL DICKINSON

T OOLS OF THE

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Cover image: Boris Kolomytsev, Toy Soldiers of Kolobob.

All illustrations by Shawn Braley

Photos: Scipio, courtesy of www.tu-berlin.de; Hannibal, courtesy of www.barca.fsnet.co.uk; Cato

and Tiberius, courtesy of wikipedia.org; map of ancient Rome, courtesy of www.theaterofpompey.

com; Shakespeare, courtesy of www.shakespeare.org.nz; other images courtesy of Planet Art

Nomad Press

A division of Nomad Communications

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Copyright © 2006 by Nomad Press

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher,

except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. The trademark “Nomad Press” and the

Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc. Printed in the United States.

ISBN: 0-9749344-5-3

Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to

Independent Publishers Group

814 N. Franklin St.

Chicago, IL 60610

www.ipgbook.com

Nomad Press

2456 Christian St.

White River Junction, VT 05001

www.nomadpress.net

Contents

Introduction: Romans All Around Us............................................... 1

1. Fantastic Beginnings ............................................................ 3

2. The Roman Republic—Democracy Rules . . . or does it?........ 13

3. Expanding the Roman Republic.......................................... 23

4. The Demise of the Republic................................................ 33

5. Remarkable Feats in Engineering and Technology ................ 46

6. Birth of an Empire............................................................. 59

7. Roman Society—Everyday Life ........................................... 67

8. The Mighty Roman Army .................................................. 86

9. The Next Two Hundred Years............................................. 94

10. That’s Entertainment ....................................................... 105

11. The Rise of the Empire, Again .......................................... 113

12. Gods and Goddesses ....................................................... 118

13. The End of the Roman Empire & Rome's Legacy................ 127

Bibliography 134 Glossary 135 Index 138

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ToolsoftheAncientRomans

753BCE: ThecityofRomeisfoundedbyRomulusonthebanksoftheTiberRiver.

507BCE: TheRomanRepublicbeginsaftertheRomansoverthrowtheEtruscankings.

450BCE: ThefirstRomancodeoflaw,calledtheTwelveTables,ispublished.

387BCE: TheGauls,fromwhatisnowFrance,attackandplunderRome.Thismay

havedriventheRomanstoexpandnorthtoprotectthemselvesfromfuture

invasions.

201BCE: RomedefeatsCarthageintheSecondPunicWar,givingRomecontrolover

thewesternMediterranean.

44BCE: JuliusCaesardeclareshimself“dictatorforlife.”Alargegroupofhisfellow

Senatorsaren’thappywiththatandhavehimassassinated,plungingRome

intochaos.

31BCE: Octavian,Caesar’sadoptedson,defeatsMarkAntonyandCleopatraat

Actium,clearingthewayforhimtotakethethrone.Octaviantakesthe

nameAugustus.TheRomanEmpire,whenRomeisruledbyemperors,

begins.

30BCE–180CE: ThisperiodoftimeisoftencalledPaxRomanaorRomanPeace,because

theempireenjoysrelativepeaceandprosperity.

98–117CE: EmperorTrajanrulestheempire,whichreachesitsgreatestsizeandpower.

180–284CE: WiththedeathofEmperorMarcusAurelius,theRomanEmpirebegins

asteadyslideintoeconomicandpoliticalcrisis.Thisperiodissometimes

calledthe“centuryofcrisis.”

284CE: Diocletianbecomesemperorandrestructurestheempire.

307–337CE: EmperorConstantineImovesthecapitaloftheRomanEmpirefromRome

tothecityofConstantinopleandmakesChristianitythestatereligion.

370CE: TheGothsandother“barbarians”pushintothenorthernRomanprovinces

whentheHunsfromCentralAsiasweepintoEasternEurope,beginninga

longperiodofinvasions.

410CE: TheVisgoths,ledbyAlaric,sackthecityofRome.

476CE: Odoacer,aGerman-borngeneral,deposesthelastRomanemperor,

RomulusAugustulus,andbecomesthefirstbarbarianking.Thisisviewed

astheendoftheRomanEmpire.TheeasternhalfoftheRomanEmpire

survivedforanotherthousandyearsastheByzantineEmpire.

iv

Timeline

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