SimpleFederalMantel-obudowa kominka krok po kroku.pdf

This is an excerpt from the book

Fireplace Mantels

by Mario Rodriguez

www.taunton.com

SIMPLE FEDERAL

MANTEL

his mantel is typical of those

family possessions and a backdrop for

found in many rural farm-

social gatherings and important events.

houses in the early 19th century.

The mantel’s design shows elegant pro-

Almost always made of wood and

portion, restraint, and balance. And the

painted, the style was taken directly

simple moldings cast bold shadows that

from classical architecture and imitated

highlight its timeless appeal.

the design of basic shelter: columns

The federal mantel is structurally

supporting a beam and roof. The simple

straightforward and can easily be built

moldings and joinery indicate that it

in a weekend. Three boards joined

could have been built by a local carpen-

together with biscuits form the founda-

ter instead of by a furniture joiner. But

tion, which is fastened to the wall.

its simplicity doesn’t diminish its appeal

Plinth blocks (doubled-up 1-by stock)

in any way. The mantel’s flat relief and

support the plain vertical pilasters,

plain treatment perfectly frame the

which support the horizontal archi-

Federal-period hearth opening and pro-

trave. Add a few moldings and the

vide a focal point for the display of

mantel shelf, and you’re ready to paint.

Simple Federal Mantel

PROVING THAT SIMPLICITY DOESN’T PRECLUDE ELEGANCE, this mantel design is anchored by ideal propor-

tions and perfect symmetry with the brick firebox opening it adorns. Built with readily available materials and

moldings, it’s easy to build as well.

FRONT VIEW

3 ⁄ 4 " x 5 1 ⁄ 4 " mantel shelf

79"

3 ⁄ 4 “ x 3 ⁄ 4 " cove molding

11 1 ⁄ 2 "

Architrave

11 1 ⁄ 2 "

71"

52"

42"

Foundation boards

7 1 ⁄ 4 "

pilaster

31 1 ⁄ 2 "

Firebox opening

31"

12"

9" plinth

3 ⁄ 4 " x 1 1 ⁄ 4 "

side cap

3 ⁄ 4 "

52 S IMPLE F EDERAL M ANTEL

BUILDING THE MANTEL STEP-BY-STEP

egin by preassembling the foundation

board and laminating the plinth blocks,

you can move directly to installation. I chose

to preassemble some of the molding ele-

ments as well.

with the lintel section fitting between the

columns. That way the mantel parts would

overlap the foundation joints, making the

whole construction stronger.

1. Cut the two columns and lintel that will

form the foundation. The firebox opening in

this project is 32 in. high by 42 in. across, and

an even course of bricks is left exposed around

the sides and top. Using a 14-in.-wide lintel

(horizontal section) and 10 1 ⁄ 2 -in.-wide columns

(vertical sections) produced the balanced pro-

portions that form the basis for the mantel’s

design. You should adjust these dimensions

based on the size of your firebox opening.

THE FOUNDATION

BOARD

The foundation board is the backdrop of the

mantel. It provides a flat surface for the mantel

proper, and bridges any gaps or irregularities

between the masonry and the adjacent wall

surface, while exposing only the neatest brick-

work. The mantel foundation was designed

CHOOSING MATERIALS

During the 19th century, pine was abundant

and readily available, and carpenters used it

for most interior trim, including fireplace man-

tels. So a meticulous reproduction would

require large, wide boards of clear pine.

However, the use of solid pine for this project

would present problems (besides price) for the

modern woodworker that 19th-century car-

penters weren’t concerned with.

At that time houses weren’t insulated, so

warm and cold air passed through the struc-

ture freely. In a particular room, it wasn’t

unusual to experience surprising differences

in temperature. With a fire blazing in the

hearth, the warmest spot in the room would

have been a seat in front of it, while other

areas of the same room might be as much as

15º colder. These conditions surely played

havoc with human comfort but spared furnish-

ings and interior woodwork from drastic

changes in temperature and humidity. In a

modern ultra-insulated home, wood is sub-

jected to extremes of temperature and relative

humidity created by efficient central heating

and air-conditioning. The use of wide, solid

boards and true period construction methods

in a modern home would probably cause

unsightly checking and splitting. Miters would

likely open up, and flat sections would cup.

A better approach for today’s woodworker

would be to construct this mantel using

lumbercore plywood instead of solid wood.

I used 3 ⁄ 4 -in. lumbercore plywood for every-

thing except the plinth blocks and the mold-

ings. (See chapter 1, pp. 9–12, for a detailed

discussion of materials . )

S IMPLE F EDERAL M ANTEL 53

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