Electricity_6.4.5 Science Level 6.pdf

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Scott Foresman Reading Street

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

Physical Science

Electricity

Genre

Comprehension

Skills and Strategy

Text Features

Expository

non ction

• Author’s Purpose

• Main Idea and

Details

• Monitor and Fix up

• Charts

• Diagrams

• Captions

• Table of Contents

Scott Foresman Reading Street 6.4.5

ì<(sk$m)=bdgeja< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

ISBN 0-328-13649-2

by Donna Latham

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Vocabulary

convert

devise

Electricity

efficiency

generate

percentage

by Donna Latham

proclaim

reproduce

transmitted

Word count: 2,416

Note: The total word count includes words in the running text and headings only.

Numerals and words in chapter titles, captions, labels, diagrams, charts, graphs,

sidebars, and extra features are not included.

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois Parsippany, New Jersey New York, New York

Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts Duluth, Georgia Glenview, Illinois

Coppell, Texas Ontario, California Mesa, Arizona

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

4

What is electricity?

CHAPTER 2

7

Early Discoveries

and Inventions

CHAPTER 3

10

The Age of Electricity

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for

photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to

correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

CHAPTER 4

18

Electricity’s Costs

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,

a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R),

Background (Bkgd)

Glossary

24

Illustrations by Jonathan Massie

Opener: 1 Corbis; 3 (L) DK Images, (BR) ©Comstock Inc.; 4 ©DK Images; 5 Corbis; 6

(TL) ©DK Images, (CL) Bettman/Corbis; 8 (TL) Photo Researchers, Inc., (B) The Science

Museum/DK Images; 9 (CL) Getty Images, (B) Corbis; 10 ©DK Images; 11 ©Comstock

Inc.; 14 (TC) © Stockbyte, (CR) Getty Images; 16 (T) Steve Niedorf Photography /Getty

Images, (CL) Getty Images; 17 Ulrike Welsch/PhotoEdit; 20 Getty Images; 21 (C, CR)

Brand X Pictures, (TR, BR) Getty Images; 23 Getty Images

ISBN: 0-328-13649-2

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.

All Rights Reserved. Printed in China. This publication is protected by Copyright,

and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information

regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East

Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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Chapter 1: What is electricity?

Electricity in Nature, in the Body, and in Animals

What do you think of when you see the word

electricity ? Maybe you think of an electric guitar. Many

of us focus on the appliances that we use each day.

But electricity is much more than the cooking stoves,

computers, and refrigerators we depend on. In fact,

electricity is a major force in the universe.

Electricity is present in nature, in our bodies, and

in animals. For example, if you have seen a fierce

lightning storm, you have witnessed

electricity in nature. These dramatic bursts

of light in the sky are actually gigantic

flashes of static electricity.

In our bodies, tiny electrical signals

travel through our nerves. We depend on

these signals to carry information to our

brains so that we can breathe, see, hear,

and move. These signals even tell our

hearts to beat.

In the animal world, the electric

eel is one of about forty species of fish

that can give off electricity. The electric

eel can produce 650 volts of electricity.

With electric pulses, it can find and stun

its prey in murky waters. It can also send

signals to other eels.

The static ball and the bolt of lightning are

both examples of static electricity.

4

5

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Chapter 2: Early Discoveries and Inventions

Dr. William Gilbert (1544–1603)

found that some materials, such

as amber or glass, attract feathers

when rubbed against something.

There are many historic people who have helped us to

understand electricity. Here are a few who made some very

important contributions.

Dr. William Gilbert (1544 –1603) is often considered the

father of electrical studies. Dr. Gilbert was the physician to

Queen Elizabeth I of England. He first used the word electric . He

found that objects, such as glass, beeswax, and amber, attracted

feathers and other lightweight objects when they were rubbed

against something. Though he didn’t realize it, the materials

Gilbert was working with were good conductors of static

electricity. Many years later, a famous American would also

work with static electricity.

In his famous experiment, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite with

a key attached to the string during a thunderstorm. The kite and

its string became charged with electricity and Franklin was able

to make a spark fly from the key to his knuckle.

Franklin helped to prove that lightning was actually a large

spark of electricity. He could now proclaim that storm clouds

were electrically charged.

Today we know that this experiment was extremely

dangerous. Franklin might have been killed if his kite had been

struck by lightning directly. You should never attempt this

experiment yourself.

Based on his experiments, Franklin was able to devise

the lightning rod. Lightning rods are attached to the tops of

buildings where lightning is most likely to strike. When it does,

the electrical charge is conducted to the ground. The building

is safe.

Benjamin Franklin experimented with

electricity using a kite on a stormy day.

6

7

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dariusz.donimirski

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