fastener-training-manual.pdf

“ For a fresh approach to fastener training.”

manual

THE BEST DESERVES THE BEST

Training

training

manual

Welcome, Copyright & Disclaimer

Index

Welcome to our first ‘stand alone’ publication of technical information for training.

This manual has been put together to provide an easy to understand summary of many issues

that are common to most types of fasteners.

Preface

We hope it will benefit your organisation as a handy tool for training new and existing staff,

and become a valued resource in the industry.

Section 1 – Characteristics

Section 2 – Properties

Driving Methods

4 – 6

Materials, Mechanical Properties and Markings

28 – 37

Published in Sydney by

James Glen Pty Ltd

ACN 000 472 506 ABN 38 000 472 506

Unit A, Alexandria Industrial Estate

35-39 Bourke Road (cnr Huntley Street)

Alexandria NSW 2015 Australia

Telephone (02) 9699 9999

Facsimile (02) 9699 8688

This publication is copyright. Other than for the purposes of

and subject to the conditions prescribed under the Copyright

Act 1968 (as amended), no part of it may in any form or by

any means (electronic, mechanical, microcopying,

photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written

permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be

addressed to James Glen Pty Ltd.

Head Styles

7 – 9

Bolt Tensioning

38 – 39

Heads with Special Features

Finishes and Coatings

40 – 43

Thread Types

11 – 17

Galling

Point Types

18 – 19

Measuring Points and Terms

Printed 2000

Printed in Australia by David J File Printing.

Warning: Unauthorised reproduction in whole or in

part is an infringement of copyright. James Glen Pty Ltd will

actively pursue any breach of its copyright.

Nuts

20 – 23

Washers

24 – 26

Disclaimer

Information contained in this training manual has been

obtained from AS/NZS Standards, International Standards,

data provided by or published by international fastener

suppliers, manufacturers and institutions, and by direct

calculation and measurement by James Glen Pty Ltd. Every

care has been taken by the staff of James Glen Pty Ltd in

compilation of the data contained herein and in verification of

its accuracy when published, however the content of this

training manual is subject to change without notice due to

factors outside the control of James Glen Pty Ltd and this

manual should, therefore, be used a s a guide only. For

example, the products referred to in this publication are

continually improved through further research and

development and this may lead to information contained in

this manual being altered without notice.

This training manual is published and distributed on the basis

that the publisher is not responsible for the results of any

actions taken by users of information contained in this

training manual on the basis of information contained in this

manual nor for any error in or omission from this manual.

James Glen Pty Ltd does not accept any responsibility

whatsoever for misrepresentation by any person whatsoever

of the information contained in this training manual and

expressly disclaims all and any liability and responsibility to

any person, whether a reader of this training manual or not,

in respect of claims, losses or damage or any other matter,

either direct or consequential arising out of or in relation to

the use and reliance, wether wholly or partially, upon any

information contained or products referred to in this manual.

Fastener Training Manual 2000©. Compiled 2000 by James Glen Pty Ltd.

training

THE BEST DESERVES THE BEST

manual

Preface

This training manual is intended to provide a basic

understanding and recognition of the products stocked in the

JAMES GLEN product range as well as some other of the

more common standard fasteners; as such, it is not intended

as a highly technical reference publication.

In this manual, we attempt to identify each of these features,

the common and optional terminology for it, its use or

purpose and the products likely to incorporate it, so that

users of this manual improve their ability to quickly identify

and describe a specific product.

Specification of the appropriate fasteners for a particular

application is the realm of appropriately qualified engineers

and this manual does not attempt to provide the basis for

specification.

We also attempt to provide a basic understanding of the

mechanics of threaded fasteners, their materials and strength

grades, how they work, how and where to measure them and

which finishes are available, so that manual users are better

equipped to provide superior customer service.

The majority of the fasteners stocked in the James Glen

product range are of the threaded type, which are essentially

standard in nature and are tightened or assembled by

rotational action.

Many of these products have common features such as

driving methods, threads, heads, points, materials, finishes

etc. While others may have additional unique features such

as nylon inserts, serrations, tamper resistance, welding lugs

or may be an adjunct to the primary fastener such as nuts,

washers and cotter pins.

Training Manual

Section 1 – Characteristics

Fastener Training Manual 2000©. Compiled 2000 by James Glen Pty Ltd.

training

THE BEST DESERVES THE BEST

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Driving Methods

Driving Methods Continued

The drive on a fastener is the feature through which rotational torque is applied. All threaded fasteners will have a drive feature or

will have a retention feature to prevent rotation whilst the mating part is rotated - eg: a nut

SKETCH

DRIVE TYPE

USES

TOOLS

TRI-WING

Security applications usually confined

Special 3-bladed drivers both

to screw products, particularly in

power and hand.

SKETCH

DRIVE TYPE

USES

TOOLS

aircraft, public transport fittings and

electrical appliances where fieldwork

should only be carried out by authorised

service personnel.

Commonly found on woodscrews and

Flat bladed common screwdriver.

machine screws in domestic applications

or where field retightening or removal

SLOT

may be required.

Most suitable for hand operated tools.

Oldest and simplest drive form.

HEXAGON RECESS

Principally used in high torque

Hexagon socket key (Allen key)

applications such as automotive,

and hexagon power drivers.

heavy equipment, tool die sets.

Commonly associated with cap screws.

(Also comes as square recess).

PHILLIPS

Commonly found on self tapping screws Ideal for power operated tools

RECESS

and machine screws, particularly where and hand tools.

(Type 1)

they can be power assembled eg: on a

HEXAGON

The most common drive on bolt

Hand driven ring and open

(X-Recess)

production line for domestic appliances.

products – very versatile in drive

ended spanners, hand or power

(Cross-Recess)

torque range; economical to produce.

driven with socket drivers.

POZIDRIVE

As above, but is less prone to

Power operated Pozidrive

RECESS

‘cam out’ when drive tools are worn.

tools and Pozidrive hand tools.

12-POINT

Usually associated with a flange head

12-point socket driver.

(Type II or IA)

(X-Recess)

(Double Hexagon)

and in high torque applications where

In some circumstances a ring

there is a restriction on head size or

spanner could be used.

where space limits hexagon driving tools

eg: inside a recess.

Combination

Most commonly found on mush head

Power operated drive tools

INTERNAL TORX ®

Gives very high driving torque

Normally power driven with

(Phillips Recess & Slot) roofing screws and machine screws,

and hand tools, flat slot or

capability with low risk of ‘cam out’.

special drive bits or hand driven

(X-Recess or Slot)

allowing for power driven assembly

cross recess.

Usually found in high production

with a torx ® key.

and field removal or adjustment by

common blade screwdrivers.

applications, particularly automotive

and appliance industries.

Usually restricted to screw products.

CLUTCH

Security applications usually on

Conventional flat blade

EXTERNAL TORX ®

As with 12-point, usually associated

Normally power driven with

(One Way)

self-tappers, woodscrews or machine

screwdriver to tighten.

with a flange head.

special drive sockets.

(Jail Head)

screws, eg: domestic window locks, jail Cannot be easily removed

cell hinges, door lock exposed screws.

Very high driving torque capability.

Occasionally by hand with

without drilling and using

tension wrench and special

Often found in automotive and aircraft

Declining popularity.

a special removal tool.

engine applications.

sockets.

Usually restricted to bolt products.

EYE DRIVE

Security applications, usually on

Special hand screwdriver

SQUARE

Declining usage. Was often used in

Hand driven with open-ended

(Snake Eyes) ®

self-tapping screws or machine screws with 2-pin blade.

where high assembly torque is not

required, eg: into plastics.

timber bridgework and where larger

spanner or adjustable shifter.

driving surface was required.

Still used in a small version on

square drive cap screws.

TRI-EYE DRIVE

As above.

Special hand driver with

(3 Pin Drive)

Also seen on golf shoe spikes or

3-pin drive.

HEXAGON SLOT

Usually associated with screw products. Power driven with

plastic inserts.

COMBINATION

Is useful where it can be power driven hexagon socket.

on the assembly line and removed or

Hand adjusted with

adjusted in service with a blade

blade screwdriver.

screwdriver. Usually head is indent hex

and sometimes x-recess is also added.

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Driving Methods Continued

Head Styles

SKETCH

TITLE

COMMENTS

In addition to the clutch, eye drive and tri-wing security drives

depicted, many of the recess type drives can be manufactured

with a central post to prevent the entry of a conventional

driving tool.

This is most common with hexagon recess and internal torx

and would normally be confined to head styles that resist

grasping with pliers or multigrips.

COUNTERSUNK HEAD

Most common usage is on screw products where a flush fit is required

(Flat)

on the surface, eg: door hinges and timber joinery or into steel applications,

eg: manhole cover plates.

Can also be seen on bolt products, but usually accompanied by a retention

device such as a square or a lug as in plow and earthmoving bolts.

At best, most security products and products incorporating

central posts can be classified as tamper resistant rather

than tamper proof.

RAISED COUNTERSUNK Most often associated with screw products in exposed applications.

(Oval & Instrument)

Usually will be chrome or nickel plated for appearance and is sometimes

coupled with a cup washer to enhance the appearance, eg: fittings on

public transport.

PAN HEAD

Predominantly used on screw products where a flat bearing surface is

(American Style)

required or conversely, where a countersunk is not required.

More economically produced than countersunk.

PAN HEAD

Now normally only found on solid rivets and on some hot forged products.

(English Style)

ROUND HEAD

Declining popularity, but does provide deeper slot capability than pan and

(Cup, Snap & Button)

therefore, is more often used in woodscrews and machine screws.

When recessed with hex or x-recess becomes one form of button head.

CHEESE HEAD

Less popular than pan, but again gives a deeper slot capability, so is most

commonly seen as a slot product on machine screws.

TRUSS HEAD

Larger diameter and lower profile head than round, pan or cup.

(Mushroom)

Is most commonly seen with slot or combination slot x-recess on mush

roofing bolt/nut product.

FILLISTER HEAD

Rarely specified these days; was formerly seen predominantly on

(Raised Cheese)

machine screws.

WAFER HEAD

Usually incorporating a recess and most commonly found on self-drilling

building fasteners.

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