UNIT 1 CHALLENGE.
· set achievable goals (to establish realistic aims )
· face challenges ( not to avoid)
· rise to the challenges ( cope with the problem , fight with…)
· make my dream come true ( fulfill)
· couldn’t have done it without help
· burning ambition
· have the right attitude
· daunting challenge ( hard , difficult challenge)
phrasal verbs
· pick up - learn without consciously studying – załapać język
,,The best way to pick up new vocabulary is by reading a lot.
· let something slide – neglect something or allow it to get worse – zaniedbywać coś np. Język
· sheer delight of ( f.e. mastering) - pure pleasure
· master - become an expert
,, It is impossible to master a foreign language completely”
· garble- say sth badly / In a confused way/ nonsensically– przekręcać wyrazy , pomieszać języki
· information overload – too much to remember
,,For most students more than 10 new words per lesson equals information overload.”
· cram- put too much into a small space - wpychać, wkuwać
,, I am afraid to cram any more words into my head”
· on the ball- very attentive, aware- uważny , świadomy
,, You have to be really on the ball to understand foreign idioms.”
· babble - speak too quickly and not clearly- bełkotać
· unintelligibly – speak in a way that is impossible to understand- niezrozumiale
verbs + preposition
· SHORT OF + noun– mało czegoś , f.e. short of opportunities
· RELY ON + noun/gerund , f.e. rely on translation
· SUCCEED IN + gerund , f.e. succeed in passing an exam
· OPT FOR
· STEM FROM ( caused by – wynikać) , f.e. problems in English stem from poor grammar
· LACKiNG IN ( brak w ) – f.e. lack in vocabulary
· RIDDLED WITH ( podziurawiony , przeżarty błędami) – f.e. riddled with errors
· DISTINGUISH FROM ( rozróżniać) – f.e. distinguish your first language from English
· APPEAL TO ( odwoływać się do, przemawiać) - f.e. What sort of classes appeal to you?
· BOTHER ABOUT ( niepokoić , przejmować się czymś )
· NERVOUS ABOUT + gerund ( zdenerwowany czymś ) – f.e. nervous about giving presentation
· BENEFIT FROM ( mieć korzyści z .. ) – f.e. benefit from using the media
· LOOK FORWARD TO – f.e looking forward to meeting you
· APOLOGISED FOR TAKING the cake
Zwroty
· I haven’t a clue – nie mieć pojęcia
· I don’t know off the top of my head – I DON’T KNOW
· I’m pretty sure - I know
· I’ve never heard of him – I DON’T KNOW
· I know it like the back of my hand - znam na wyciągnięcie ręki – ABOUT PLACE
· I don’t know offhand – I don’t know offhand , but I can look it up
· I know it by heart – znam na pamięć
· I know it inside out – What do you know about company law ? I know it inside out.- ABOUT SUBJECT
· I know next to nothing about it – I DON”T KNOW
· I haven’t the faintest idea- nie mam żadnego pomysłu – I DON’T KNOW
· I’m fairly certain- PRAWIE PEWNY
· I am positive it is
GRAMMATIC / passive voice
1. Używamy strony biernej by pokazać ,że dane zdania :
a) nie są naszą osobistą opinią
b) a personal opinion
It is said that, …. / It is said that he was able to speak .
It is believed that …
It is claimed that… / It was claimed that the President had not seen the documents BEFORE the scandal broke out.
- Jeśli nie jesteśmy pewni ,że dana informacja jest na 100% pewna możemy użyć passive To put distance between ourselves and the statement.
He is said to be the richest Man In England ( but I don’t know if this is accurate- dokładne)
He was thought to have left the country ( But I’m not sure if this is true) . / He was thought to have come from Germany, but there was little evidence.
He was reported to have been living in Brazil , but there was only one sighting of him.
- Inne czasowniki na wyrażenie dystansu
It appears/ seems that
It seems as if / though
2. He appears/ seems to have + PAST SIMPLE lub PAST PARTICIPLE
f.e He appears to have invented
He seems to have done it
Passive – użycie
· żeby zrobić zdanie mniej osobiste I trochę bardziej grzeczne
We don’t allow that. à That isn’t allowed . ( It isn’t the speaker decision, it is an impersonal RULE)
· formlnym pisaniu kiedy skupiamy się na wydarzeniach bardziej niż na ludziach, którzy są odpowiedzialni
You must hand In the essay by Friday. à The essay must be handed in by Friday.
ZWROTY
- Head – straight for the top / point to a particular direction
- Pursue – a dream / follow / realizować
- Deal with – a chauvinism / cope with / poradzić sobie z
- Face – barriers / not to avoid
- Believe in – what you can achieve / have the right attitude
- Have the potencial – to do something / establish aims
- Persevere – with something / encourage continuing / wytrwać
- Keep pushing someone – to do something
- Quite a challenge
- Learning experience
VOCABULARY z teksu ,,Fast Female heads for Formula 1 “
- warm up – rozgrzewka - pursue – rywalizować
- swarm – rój - championship- mistrzowstwo
- begg – błagać - well-off- zamożny
- helmet – hełm - burden with - obciążone
- freely – swobodnie - forcefull - stanowcza
- wave- fala - expense- koszt
- dense – gęsty - conced - przyznać
- rival – rywal - caustic- żrący / caustic sense of humour
- obvious taunt – oczywista kpina
- spill out – rozlewające się / spilling out of her helmet – Hair
- lease of life- leasing życia
- increasingly predictable sport- coraz bardziej przewidywalny sport
- mentally tough – mocne psychicznie
- favourably – korzystnie
GRAMMAR / PERFECT ASPECT
A) I will have been here for three months. / FUTURE PERFECT / will + have + III forma / a point in the future
B) Now my girlfriend has come out to join me. / PRESENT PERFECT/ have/ has + III forma / past + present
...
dulkwic