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“Frontmatter”

Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology.

Ed. Bharat Bhushan

Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999

Acquiring Editor:

Cindy Carelli

Project Editor:

Andrea Demby

Marketing Manager:

Jane Stark

Cover design:

Dawn Boyd

PrePress:

Carlos Esser

Manufacturing:

Lisa Spreckelson

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Handbook of micro/nanotribology / edited by Bharat Bhushan. -- 2nd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-8402-8 (alk. paper)

1. Tribology--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

I. Bhushan, Bharat, 1949-

TJ1075.H245

1999

621.8

9--dc21

98-24466

CIP

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with

permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish

reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials

or for the consequences of their use.

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No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-8402-8

Library of Congress Card Number 98-24466

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Foreword

The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope has led to an explosion of

a family that is now called scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). The most

popular instrument in this family is the atomic force microscope (AFM).

According to some estimates, sales of SPMs in 1993 were about 100 million

U.S. dollars (about 2,000 units installed to date) worldwide. The biggest portion

of this results from AFM sales, although the ﬁrst ideas and preliminary results

were introduced to the scientiﬁc community only a few years ago (1986). The

whole ﬁeld of SPM is not very old (the ﬁrst operation of STM was in 1981)

and still is in a rapidly evolving state. The scientiﬁc industrial applications

include quality control in the semiconductor industry and related research,

molecular biology and chemistry, medical studies, materials science, and the ﬁeld of information storage

systems.

Soon after the invention of the AFM it was discovered that part of the information in the images

resulted from friction and that the instrument could be used as a tool for tribology. In general, SPMs

are now used intensively in this ﬁeld. Researchers can image single lubricant molecules and their agglom-

eration and measure surface topography, adhesion, friction, wear, lubricant ﬁlm thickness, and mechan-

ical properties all on a micrometer to nanometer scale.

With the advent of more powerful computers, atomic-scale simulations have been conducted of

tribological phenomena. Simulations have been able to predict the observed phenomena. Development

of the ﬁeld of micro/nanotribology has attracted numerous physicists and chemists. This is a ﬁeld I

personally know very little about. I am, however, very excited that SPMs have had such an immense

impact on the ﬁeld of tribology.

I congratulate Professor Bharat Bhushan in helping to develop this ﬁeld of micro/nanotribology. The

Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology

is very timely and I expect that it will be well received by the interna-

tional scientiﬁc community. With best wishes.

Prof. Dr. Gerd Binnig

IBM Research Division

Munich, Germany

Nobel Laureate Physics, 1986

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