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NEW LATIN GRAMMAR

CHARLES E. BENNETT

Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University

«Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta

Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles:

Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat.»,

HORACE, Ars Poetica.

PREFACE.

The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical

alterations have been introduced, although a number of minor changes will

be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the

Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to

the more ambitious pupil. At the end of the book will be found an Index to

the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax.

C.E.B.

ITHACA, NEW YORK,

May 4, 1918

* * * * *

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

The present book is a revision of my _Latin Grammar_ originally published

in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy or precision of statement seemed

possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division

have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the

Romans themselves. In the Perfect Subjunctive Active, the endings _-is_,

_-imus_, _-itis_ are now marked long. The theory of vowel length before the

suffixes -gnus, -gna, -gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the

Syntax I have recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and

have abandoned the original doctrine as to the force of tenses in the

Prohibitive.

Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have

been introduced. In its main lines the work remains unchanged.

ITHACA, NEW YORK,

October 16, 1907.

* * * * *

FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

The object of this book is to present _the essential facts_ of Latin

grammar in a direct and simple manner, and within the smallest compass

consistent with scholarly standards. While intended primarily for the

secondary school, it has not neglected the needs of the college student,

and aims to furnish such grammatical information as is ordinarily required

in undergraduate courses.

The experience of foreign educators in recent years has tended to restrict

the size of school-grammars of Latin, and has demanded an incorporation of

the main principles of the language in compact manuals of 250 pages. Within

the past decade, several grammars of this scope have appeared abroad which

have amply met the most exacting demands.

The publication in this country of a grammar of similar plan and scope

seems fully justified at the present time, as all recent editions of

classic texts summarize in introductions the special idioms of grammar and

style peculiar to individual authors. This makes it feasible to dispense

with the enumeration of many _minutiae_ of usage which would otherwise

demand consideration in a student's grammar.

In the chapter on Prosody, I have designedly omitted all special treatment

of the lyric metres of Horace and Catullus, as well as of the measures of

the comic poets. Our standard editions of these authors all give such

thorough consideration to versification that repetition in a separate place

seems superfluous.

ITHACA, NEW YORK,

December 15, 1894.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Introduction The Latin language

PART I.

SOUNDS, ACCENT, QUANTITY, ETC.

The Alphabet Sec. 1

Classification of Sounds Sec. 2

Sounds of the Letters Sec. 3

Syllables Sec. 4

Quantity Sec. 5

Accent Sec. 6

Vowel Changes Sec. 7

Consonant Changes Sec. 8

Peculiarities of Orthography Sec. 9

PART II.

INFLECTIONS.

CHAPTER I.--_Declension._

A. NOUNS. Sec. 10

Gender of Nouns Sec. 13

Number Sec. 16

Cases Sec. 17

The Five Declensions Sec. 18

First Declension Sec. 20

Second Declension Sec. 23

Third Declension Sec. 28

Fourth Declension Sec. 48

Fifth Declension Sec. 51

Defective Nouns Sec. 54

B. ADJECTIVES. Sec. 62

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions Sec. 63

Adjectives of the Third Declension Sec. 67

Comparison of Adjectives Sec. 71

Formation and Comparison of Adverbs Sec. 76

Numerals Sec. 78

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