Participle Definition
A participle is a verbal form that has the qualities of both a verb and an adjective, such as the following present participle in red…
YanItlanmasI zor gelen sInav sorularInI en sona bIrakmalIsIn, Aristotle. You should leave examination questions that you find difficult to answer until last, Aristotle. [present participle used in a participle phrase modifying, questions.]
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The Standard way to make the 'Present' Participle in Turkish…
The present participle is made in the following manner:
1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' ending.
2. To the remaining verb stem add '(y)en' if the verb is from the 'mek' family or '(y)an' if it's from the 'mak' family. [Note: the 'y' is only inserted if the verb stem ends in a vowel -- to avoid the occurrence of two consecutive vowels.]
Examples of Present Participle Construction:
Infinitive form of a Verb
Correct ParticipleSuffix
The Participle
English
Gelmek
-en
Gelen
coming (who [whom, that, which] is coming)
SarIlmak
-an
SarIlan
hugging (who [whom, that, which] is hugging)
Anlamak
-yan
Anlayan
understanding (who is [whom, that, which] understanding)
Beklemek
-yen
Bekleyen
waiting (who [whom, that, which] is waiting)
Gelmemek
Gelmeyen
not coming (who [whom, that, which] is not coming)
SarIlmamak
SarIlmayan
not hugging (who [whom, that, which] is not hugging)
Anlamamak
Anlamayan
not understanding (who [whom, that, which] is not understanding)
Beklememek
Beklemeyen
not waiting (who [whom, that, which] is not waiting)
Another Present Participle Example:
Babel'den dцrt bin dokuz yuz yirmi ьз dili akIcI bir sekilde konusan bir adam tanIyorum. I know a man from Babel who speaks 4,923 languages fluently. [present participle used in a participle phrase modifying, man]
Standard Way to Make the (Aorist) 'Wide-Tense' Participles in Turkish... The Type 'A' Participles
The (Aorist) Wide-Tense -- a verbal factoid
Example with the Type 'A' Wide-Tense Participle:
Atlantis yцresinde pek зok akar su var.There's a lot of flowing water in the vicinity of Atlantis. (...water that flows, all the time...) [Type 'A' wide-tense participle used as pure adjective modifying, water]
The Type 'A' Wide-tense participle is made in the following manner:
2. Affirmative participles -- To the remaining verb stem, add the suffix '-(e)r' ['-(i)r', '-(ь)r'], if the verb is from the 'mek' family, or... '(a)r' ['-(I)r', '-(u)r'], if it's from the 'mak' family.
3. Negative participles -- To the remaining verb stem, add '-mez' (for '-mek' family verbs) or '-maz' (for '-mak' family verbs).
Keep in mind that, for each...
archaii