Wind Energy in the Polish Power System.pdf

AKADEMIA GÓRNICZO-HUTNICZA

im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

WYDZIAŁ PALIW I ENERGII

Praca dyplomowa

Imię i nazwisko

Artur Wyrwa

Kierunek studiów

TECHNOLOGIA CHEMICZNA

Temat pracy dyplomowej:

Wind Energy in the Polish Power System

Ocena:

Opiekun pracy

prof. dr hab. inż. Adam Guła

Kraków, rok 2001/2002

AKADEMIA GÓRNICZO - HUTNICZA

im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

WYDZIAŁ PALIW I ENERGII

Kierunek studiów: TECHNOLOGIA CHEMICZNA

TEMATYKA PRACY I PRAKTYKI DYPLOMOWEJ

dla studenta V roku studiów dziennych

Specjalność: Paliwa i Energia

Kierunek Dyplomowania: Gospodarka Paliwami i Energią

Artur Wyrwa

TEMAT PRACY DYPLOMOWEJ: Wind Energy in the Polish Power System

Opiekun pracy:

prof. dr hab. inż. Adam Guła

Recenzent pracy:

dr inż. Mariusz Filipowicz

Miejsce praktyki

dyplomowej:

Centrum Badawcze ABB - Kraków

PROGRAM PRACY I PRAKTYKI DYPLOMOWEJ

1. Zapoznanie się z literaturą dotyczącą energetyki wiatrowej.

2. Udział w II konferencji ”Rozwój Energetyki Wiatrowej w Polsce - Konieczność

czy Idealizm”.

3. Zapoznanie się z materiałami wewnętrznymi Centrum Badawczego ABB w

Krakowie.

4. Zapoznanie się ze standardami światowymi w projektowaniu farm wiatrowych w

Mannheim/Niemcy, ABB New Ventures oraz analiza możliwości uczestnictwa

ABB w rozwoju energetyki wiatrowej w Polsce.

5. Perspektywy rozwoju energetyki wiatrowej w Polsce.

Artur.Wyrwa@wp.pl (Looking for a job)

Brody 13a

34-130 Kalwaria Zebrzydowska

Małopolska

POLAND

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to professor Adam Gula for his advise and

support.

I also thank Mr. Piotr Ciechanowski and Dr Volker Biewendt, both from ABB, for

fruitful conversations.

CONTENTS

F OREWORD ..................................................................................................................10

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................11

2. WIND RESOURCES ..................................................................................................15

2.1. W IND E NERGY AS A C OMPONENT OF S USTAINABLE E NERGY D EVELOPMENT ..............15

2.2. H ARNESSING W IND E NERGY ....................................................................................16

2.3. W ORLD U SE OF W IND E NERGY ................................................................................17

2.4. T HE P OWER OF W IND .............................................................................................19

2.5. W IND R ESOURCES E VALUATION ..............................................................................22

3. POLISH WIND CONDITIONS. ...................................................................................24

4. POLISH POWER MARKET .......................................................................................27

4.1. P OLISH P OWER S YSTEM .........................................................................................27

4.2. M ARKET D ESCRIPTION -G ENERAL R EMARKS .............................................................27

4.3. M ARKET P ARTICIPANTS ..........................................................................................29

4.3.1. Regulation of the electric energy market ........................................................29

4.3.2. Generation......................................................................................................30

4.3.3. Transmission ..................................................................................................33

4.3.4. Distribution .....................................................................................................35

5. WIND ENERGY IN THE POLISH POWER SYSTEM ................................................37

5.1. M ARKET A SPECTS ..................................................................................................37

5.2.T ECHNICAL A SPECT .................................................................................................37

5.2.1. Grid constrains ...............................................................................................37

5.2.2. Power quality constrains.................................................................................38

5.3. F ORMAL PROCEDURES OF ESTABLISHING A WIND FARM .............................................39

6. LEGISLATION ...........................................................................................................42

6.1. I NTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................42

6.2. P OLISH L EGAL F RAMEWORK ...................................................................................43

6.2.1. Development Strategy of Renewable Energy Sector......................................43

6.2.2. Polish Energy Act ...........................................................................................43

6.2.3. Ordinance of the Minister of Economy on Electricity Purchase Obligation .....45

6.2.4. Power Purchase Obligation – Meeting the Target ..........................................47

6.2.5. Ordinance of Minister of Economy Concerning Detailed Principles of Setting

Energy Tariffs ................................................................................................49

7. FINANCING OF WIND ENERGY...............................................................................51

7.1. F OREIGN F OUNDING S OURCES ................................................................................51

7.1.1. Flexible Kyoto Mechanisms ............................................................................51

7.1.2. World Bank .....................................................................................................53

7.1.3. The Global Environment Facility.....................................................................53

7.1.4. PHARE – European Union Assistance Program ............................................54

7.1.5. Instruments for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession.(ISPA) .........................54

7.1.6. The Altener Program ......................................................................................54

7.1.7. Bilateral Programmes .....................................................................................55

7.2. P OLISH F OUNDING S OURCES ...................................................................................56

7.2.1 Foundation EKOFUNDUSZ (ECOFUND) ........................................................56

7.2.2 The National Found for Environmental Protection and Water Management....56

7.3. C OMMERCIAL S OURCES ..........................................................................................58

7.3.1 The Bank of Environmental Protection ............................................................59

7.3.2 The Bank of Export Development....................................................................59

8. MAJOR WIND FARM PROJECTS IN POLAND........................................................60

8.1. P ROJECTS C OMPLETED ..........................................................................................60

8.2. P ROJECTS IN THE D EVELOPMENT P HASE ..................................................................61

8.3 J OINT I MPLEMENTATION P ROJECT : S KROBOTOWO W INDPARK ....................................62

9. SUMMARY.................................................................................................................65

ANNEX I. MICROSITING ...............................................................................................68

ANNEX II. LIST OF ANNEX I COUNTRIES...................................................................70

REFERENCES...............................................................................................................71

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