Bibligrafia: Dieta wegańska Rastafarianizm
2007-2008
1. Watanabe, Fumio. Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability. Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, NJ, United States) (2007), 232(10), 1266-1274.
Abstract
A review. The usual dietary sources of vitamin B12 are animal foods, meat, milk, egg, fish, and shellfish. As the intrinsic factor-mediated intestinal absorption system is estd. to be satd. at about 1.5-2.0 mg per meal under physiol. conditions, vitamin B12 bioavailability significantly decreases with increasing intake of vitamin B12 per meal. The bioavailability of vitamin B12 in healthy humans from fish meat, sheep meat, and chicken meat averaged 42%, 56%-89%, and 61%-66%, resp. Vitamin B12 in eggs seems to be poorly absorbed (<9%) relative to other animal food products. In the Dietary Ref. Intakes in the United States and Japan, it is assumed that 50% of dietary vitamin B12 is absorbed by healthy adults with normal gastrointestinal function. Some plant foods, dried green and purple lavers (nori) contain substantial amts. of vitamin B12, although other edible algae contained none or only traces of vitamin B12. Most of the edible blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) used for human supplements predominately contain pseudovitamin B12, which is inactive in humans. The edible cyanobacteria are not suitable for use as vitamin B12 sources, esp. in vegans. Fortified breakfast cereals are a particularly valuable source of vitamin B12 for vegans and elderly people. Prodn. of some vitamin B12-enriched vegetables is also being devised.
Indexing -- Section 18-0 (Animal Nutrition)
Section cross-reference(s): 17
Food
(animal products; vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability)
Meat
(chicken; vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability)
(lamb; vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability)
(plant products; vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability)
Bioavailability
Breakfast cereal
Cyanobacteria
Diet
Dietary supplements
Egg, poultry
Fish
Human
Milk
Nutrition, animal
Shellfish
Tea products
Vegetable
(vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability)
68-19-9, Vitamin B12
Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified); BIOL (Biological study)
Supplementary Terms
review vitamin B12 food diet bioavailability
Citations
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2. De Biase, Simone Grigoletto; Fernandes, Sabrina Francine Carrocha; Gianini, Reinaldo Jose; Duarte, Joao Luiz Garcia. Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (2007), 88(1), 35-39.
The levels of blood serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-d. lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared in 54 vegetarians and 22 omnivores, both males and females. The vegetarians were subdivided into lacto-ovo vegetarians, lacto vegetarians, and restricted vegetarians (vegans). Significant differences were found for TC, LDL-C and TG levels among the groups. High levels were seen in omnivores and decreased levels in vegetarian subgroups as the animal products consumption was restricted, with the lowest levels seen in vegans. The mean TC values were 208.09±49.09 mg/dL in omnivores and 141.06±30.56 mg/dL in vegans. The resp. mean LDL-C values in omnivores and vegans were 123.43±42.67 and 69.28±29.53 mg/dL. The resp. TG values were 155.68±119.84 and 81.67±87.90 mg/dL. The HDL-C levels showed no difference among the groups, but the HDL-C/TC ratio was higher in vegans. Thus, vegetarian diets were assocd. with decreased levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C compared omnivore diets.
Indexing -- Section 18-7 (Animal Nutrition)
Glycerides, biological studies
(blood; vegetarian diet relation to blood serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in humans)
Blood serum
(vegetarian diet relation to blood serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in humans)
Lipoproteins
(vegetarian; vegetarian diet relation to blood serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in humans)
57-88-5, Cholesterol, biological studies
nutrition vegetarian blood glyceride cholesterol lipoprotein
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3. Peeters, Petra H. M.; Slimani, Nadia; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Grace, Philip B.; Navarro, Carmen; Tjonneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise; Touillaud, Marina; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Jenab, Mazda; Kaaks, Rudolf; Linseisen, Jakob; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Dilis, Vardis; Boeing, Heiner; Weikert, Cornelia; Overvad, Kim; Pala, Valeria; Palli, Domenico; Panico, Salvatore; Tumino, Rosario; Vineis, Paolo; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; van Gils, Carla H.; Skeie, Guri; Jakszyn, Paula; Hallmans, Goran; Berglund, Goran; Key, Tim J.; Travis, Ruth; Riboli, Elio; Bingham, Sheila A. Variations in plasma phytoestrogen concentrations in European adults. Journal of Nutrition (2007), 137(5), 1294-1300.
Dietary phytoestrogens may play a role in chronic disease occurrence. The aim of our study was to assess the variability of plasma concns. in European populations. We included 15 geog. regions in 9 European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, and UK) and a 16th region, Oxford, UK, where participants were recruited from among vegans and vegetarians. All subjects were participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Plasma concns. of 3 isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, and glycitein), 2 metabolites of daidzein [O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol] and 2 mammalian lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were measured in 1414 participants. We computed geometric means for each region and used multivariate regression anal. to assess the influence of region, adjusted for gender, age, BMI, alc. intake, smoking status, and lab. batch. Many subjects had concns. below the detection limit [0.1 mg/L (0.4 nmol/L)] for glycitein (80%), O-DMA (73%) and equol (62%). Excluding subjects from Oxford, UK, the highest concns. of isoflavones were in subjects from the Netherlands and Cambridge, UK[2-6 mg/L (7-24 nmol/L); P < 0.05], whereas concns. for lignans were highest in Denmark [8 mg/L (27 nmol/L); P < 0.05]. Isoflavones varied 8- to 13-fold, whereas lignans varied 4-fold. In the vegetarian/vegan cohort of Oxford, concns. of isoflavones were 5-50 times higher than in nonvegetarian regions. Region was the most important determinant of plasma concns. for all 7 phytoestrogens. Despite the fact that plasma concns. of phytoestrogens in Europe were low compared with Asian populations, they varied substantially among subjects from the 16 different regions.
Flavones
(isoflavones; variations in plasma phytoestrogen concns. in European adults)
Blood plasma
Human groups
(variations in plasma phytoestrogen concns. in European adults)
Lignans
Phytoestrogens
(vegetarian; variations in plasma phytoestrogen concns. in European adults)
446-72-0, Genistein
486-66-8, Daidzein
531-95-3, Equol
21255-69-6, O-Desmethylangolensin
40957-83-3, Glycitein
78473-71-9, Enterolactone
80226-00-2, Enterodiol
diet phytoestrogen isoflavone lignan blood
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4. Sikorska-Wisniewska, Grazyna; Szumera, Malgorzata. The role of food components in children's nutrition. Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Components (3rd Edition) (2007), 487-516.
A review discusses the role of nutrition in children's development...
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