CocoaDrawingGuide.pdf

Cocoa Drawing Guide

Graphics&Animation:2DDrawing

2011-01-18

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Contents

Introduction IntroductiontoCocoaDrawingGuide 13

Who Should Read This Document 13

Organization of This Document 13

See Also 14

Chapter1 OverviewofCocoaDrawing 15

Cocoa Drawing Support 15

The Painter’s Model 16

The Drawing Environment 17

The Graphics Context 17

The Graphics State 17

The Coordinate System 18

Transforms 18

Color and Color Spaces 19

Basic Drawing Elements 19

Geometry Support 19

Shape Primitives 20

Images 21

Gradients 22

Text 22

Views and Drawing 22

Common Drawing Tasks 23

Chapter2 GraphicsContexts 25

Graphics Context Basics 25

The Current Context 26

Graphics State Information 27

Screen Canvases and Print Canvases 29

Graphics Contexts and Quartz 30

Modifying the Current Graphics State 30

Setting Colors and Patterns 30

Setting Path Attributes 31

Setting Text Attributes 31

Setting Compositing Options 31

Setting the Clipping Region 34

Setting the Anti-aliasing Options 36

Creating Graphics Contexts 37

Creating a Screen-Based Context 37

Creating a PDF or PostScript Context 37

CONTENTS

Threading and Graphics Contexts 38

Chapter3 CoordinateSystemsandTransforms 39

Coordinate Systems Basics 39

Local Coordinate Systems 39

Points Versus Pixels 40

Resolution-Independent User Interface 42

Transform Basics 42

The Identity Transform 43

Transformation Operations 43

Transformation Ordering 45

Transform Mathematics 46

Using Transforms in Your Code 47

Creating and Applying a Transform 47

Undoing a Transformation 48

Transforming Coordinates 49

Converting from Window to View Coordinates 49

Flipped Coordinate Systems 50

Configuring Your View to Use Flipped Coordinates 51

Drawing Content in a Flipped Coordinate System 51

Creating a Flip Transform 54

Cocoa Use of Flipped Coordinates 54

Doing Pixel-Exact Drawing 55

Tips for Resolution Independent Drawing in Cocoa 56

Accessing the Current Scale Factor 56

Adjusting the Layout of Your Content 57

Converting Coordinate Values 57

Chapter4 ColorandTransparency 59

About Color and Transparency 59

Color Models and Color Spaces 59

Color Objects 60

Color Component Values 60

Transparency 60

Pattern Colors 61

Color Lists 61

Color Matching 62

Creating Colors 62

Working with Colors 62

Applying Colors to Drawn Content 63

Applying Color to Text 63

Getting the Components of a Color 64

Choosing Colors 64

Working with Color Spaces 64

CONTENTS

Converting Between Color Spaces 65

Mapping Physical Colors to a Color Space 65

Chapter5 Paths 67

Path Building Blocks 67

The NSBezierPath Class 67

Path Elements 68

Subpaths 69

Path Attributes 70

Winding Rules 75

Manipulating Geometric Types 77

Drawing Fundamental Shapes 78

Adding Points 78

Adding Lines and Polygons 79

Adding Rectangles 79

Adding Rounded Rectangles 80

Adding Ovals and Circles 81

Adding Arcs 82

Adding Bezier Curves 84

Adding Text 84

Drawing the Shapes in a Path 85

Drawing Rectangles 86

Working with Paths 87

Building Paths 87

Improving Rendering Performance 87

Manipulating Individual Path Elements 89

Transforming a Path 89

Creating a CGPathRef From an NSBezierPath Object 90

Detecting Mouse Hits on a Path 91

Chapter6 Images 93

Image Basics 93

Image Representations 94

Images and Caching 96

Image Size and Resolution 98

Image Coordinate Systems 99

Drawing Versus Compositing 99

Supported Image File Formats 100

Basic Formats 100

TIFF Compression 101

Support for Other File Formats 102

Guidelines for Using Images 103

Creating NSImage Objects 103

Loading an Existing Image 104

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