Complete Plumbing And Central Heating Guide.pdf

rom changing a washer to insta ing a shower

ix it yourse and save money -

Plumbing systems

Water regulations

Direct and indirect

Draining

Repairs

Emergency

Taps

Seats and glands

Cisterns and tanks

Float valves

Drainage

Systems

Maintenance

Pipework

Metal

Plastic

Water closets

Replacing

Installing

Washbasins

Selecting

Taps

Installing

Baths

Selecting

Installing

Showers

Selecting

Mixers

Pump-assisted

Cubicles

Installing

Bidets

Installing

Sinks

Selecting

Installing

Appliances

Installing

Storage tanks

Installing

Hot-water cylinders

Selecting

Solar heating

Hot water

Central heating

Systems

Boilers

Radiators

Controls

Diagnosis

Draining and filling

Maintenance

Underfloor

Electricity

Switch equipment

Safety

Bathrooms

Wiring

Heaters

Connection units

Immersion heaters

Tools and skills

Plumbing

Reference

Artificial ventilation

Glossary

Index

Cross-references

Since there are few DIY projects that

do not require a combination of skills,

you might have to refer to more than

one section of the book. The list of

cross-references at the bottom of

each page will help you locate relevant

sections or specific information related

to the job in hand.

m Plumbing systems

The unprecedented supply of tools and easy-to-use hardware has

encouraged DIY enthusiasts to tackle their own plumbing repairs

and improvements. Almost every aspect is now catered for - with

a wide range of metal and plastic pipework and attractive fittings

and appliances, both for new installations and for refurbishments

: and contamination of water. Your

, local water supplier will provide you

t with the relevant information about

inspection requirements and possible

certification for new work and for

major alterations.

............................................................................

Having the wherewithal to tackle your own plumbing installations and repairs can

save you the cost of hiring professionals - and that can amount to a substantial

sum of money It also avoids the distress and inconvenience of ruined decorations,

and the expense of replacing rotted household timbers where a slow leak has

gone undetected. Then there's the saving in water. A dripping tap wastes gallons

of water a day - and if it's hot water, there's the additional expense of heating it.

A little of your time and a few pence spent on a washer can save you pounds.

. The Building Regulations on drainage

are designed to protect health and

safety. Before undertaking work on

your soil and waste pipes or drains

. notice to your local water supplier

(except for emergency unblocking) you

need to contact the building-control

department of your local authority

You are required to give five days

.....................................

Generally, domestic plumbing incorpo-

rates two systems. One is the supply

of fresh water from the 'mains', and the

other is the waste or drainage system

that disposes of dirty water. Both of

the systems can be installed in different

ways (see opposite).

.......................................a

low pressure, so the system is reason- . supply, or any installation, such as a

a temporary mains failure; the major

before altering or installing a lavatory

part of the supply is under relatively

cistern, bidet, shower pump, hosepipe

ably quiet; and because there are fewer garden tap or shower, that could cause

mains outlets, there is less likelihood of dirty water to be siphoned back into

impure water being siphoned back into the supply of drinking water.

the mains supply

•

Stored-water svstem (Indirect)

The maioritv df homks are dumbed

, ,

Mains-fed system (Direct)

Many properties now take all their

water directly from the mains - all the

taps are under high pressure, and all of

them provide water that's suitable for

drinking. This development has come

about as a result of limited loft space

that precludes a storage tank and

the introduction of non-return check

valves, which prevent drinking water

being contaminated. Hot water is

supplied by a combination boiler or

a multipoint heater; these instantan-

eous heaters are unable to maintain a

constant flow of hot water if too many

taps are running at once. Some systems

incorporate an unvented cylinder,

which stores hot water but is fed from

the mains.

A mains-fed system is cheaper to

install than an indirect one. Another

advantage is mains pressure at all taps;

and you can drink from any cold tap in

the house. With a mains-fed system

there's no plumbing in the loft to freeze.

Owlring Regu1at1ons

w~th

a stored-water supply system.

When maklng repalrs

or improvements to The storage tank In the loft and the

your plumbing, make cold-water tap In the k~tchenare fed

sure vou don't contra- directlv from the mains: so ~ossiblv

Wiring Regulations. All

metal plumbing has to

are

washing machine, electric'

shower(s)and outside tap. But water

for baths, washbasins, flushing WCs

be bonded to earth If

Reinstate the link

If you replace a section of metal plumbing with

plastic, you may breakthe path to earth- so make

sure you reinstate the link. Bridge a plastic joint in a

metal pipe with an earth wire and two clamps. If

you are in any doubt, consult a qualified electrician.

you replace a section

and some types of shower is drawn

plumbing with

from the storage tank, which should be

plastic, it is important

to reinstate the earth

covered with a purpose-made lid to

protect the water from contamination.

Drinking water should only be taken

from the cold-water tap in the kitchen.

Cold water from the storage tank

link. (See far right).

is fed to a hot-water cylinder, where it

is heated by a boiler, indirectly, or by

an immersion heater to supply the hot

taps. The water pressure at the various

taps in the house depends on the height

(or 'drop') from the tank to the tap.

A stored-water system provides

several advantages. There is adequate

water to flush sanitaryware during

MAINS-FED SYSTEM (opposite)

@water-supplier's stopcock

May include water meter.

@Service pipe

Q~ainstopcock

isin in^ main

Supplies water directly to cold-water taps

and WCs etc.

Nater heater or combination boiler

.....................................

Waste water is drained in one of two

ways. In houses built before the late

1950s, water is drained from baths,

sinks and basins into a waste pipe that

feeds into a trapped gully at ground

level. Toilet waste feeds separately into

a large-diameter vertical soil pipe that

runs directly to the underground main

drainage network.

Jnvented storage cylinder

Not required for instantaneousheaters)

With a single-stack waste system, which

is installed in later buildings, all waste

water drains into a single soil pipe - the

one possible exception being the kitchen

sink, which may drain into a gully

Rainwater usually feeds into a sepa-

rate drain, so that the house's drainage

system will not be flooded in the event

of a storm.

Single-stack soil pipe

\NC, handbasln, bath and shower drain into

the stack. The stackmay be fitted with

an air-admittance valve terminating inside

the house.

Sink waste

Uater from the sink drains into a trapped gully.

rrapped gully

ralntng ralnwarer I, sarnen rap 50, tarrnlng ou-IU, aupptemeniary uu~tatt~y

oa-ru, o I

: Water bylaws govern the way you can

connect your plumbing system to the

0 public water supply. These laws are

intended to prevent the misuse, waste

The advantages of DIY plumbing

. Before undertaking work

Water systems

vene the

Drainage

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