Coincise Encyclopedia of Brain and Language.pdf

C ONCISE E NCYCLOPEDIA OF

BRAIN AND

LANGUAGE

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C ONCISE E NCYCLOPEDIA OF

BRAIN AND

LANGUAGE

VOLUME EDITOR

PROFESSOR HARRY A. WHITAKER

Northern Michigan University

Marquette, MI

USA

Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK

Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands

any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information

storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK:

phone (+44) 1865 843830; fax (+44) 1865 853333; e-mail permissions@elsevier.com.

Requests may also be completed online via the homepage

(http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).

, Ed. J. E. Birren, Elsevier Inc, 2007.

Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd Edition)

, Ed. K. Brown, Elsevier Ltd, 2006.

Encyclopedia of Neuroscience

, Ed. L. R. Squire, Elsevier Ltd, 2009.

Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences

, Ed. M. J. Aminoff and R. B. Daroff, Elsevier Ltd, 2003.

Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language

, Ed. B. Stemmer and H. A. Whitaker, Elsevier Ltd, 2008.

First edition 2010

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009937313

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-0-08-096498-0

101112131410987654321

This book is printed on acid-free paper

Printed and bound in the UK

Material in this work originally appeared in:

Encyclopedia of Gerontology